BCOR 12 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Land Plant Origin II Bryophytes III Obstacles and Rewards for moving to land IV Shared Derived Traits of the Land plants V Key features of Non vascular plants bryophytes VI Alternation of Generations Outline of Current Lecture I Lecture 12 Quick Review nonvascular vs vascular II Seedless Vascular Plants III Shared Derived Characters of Vascular Plants IV CHAPTER 30 Vascular Plants with Seeds V Key Adaptations of Seed Plants VI Major Trends of Land Plant Evolutions VII Seed Components VIII Types of Gymnosperms Current Lecture Lecture 12 Review Nonvascular plants bryophytes lack vascular tissue and are rather small Includes o Mosses o Liverworts o Hornworts Hornworts and liverworts were the pioneers of new landscapes Vascular plants have vascular tissues o Xylem transports water and minerals o Phloem transports sugar and other organic material Seedless vascular plants were the first plants to grow tall Two Major Lineages of Seedless Vascular Plants 1 Lycophytes club mosses spike mosses quillworts 2 Pterophytes ferns horsetails whisk ferns These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Evolution of true roots and leaves combined with the addition of vascular tissue is what allowed seedless vascular plants to grow tall sometimes 80 ft tall The most prevalent seedless vascular plant in our current time period is the fern Shared Derived Character of Seedless Vascular Plants I II III IV Vascular tissues xylem and phloem Well developed roots and leaves Life cycles with dominant sporophytes the diploid generation Spore haploid generation bearing leaves called sporophylls Alternation of Generations review Sporophyte meiosis occurs created spore spore germinates and grows into a gametophyte gametophyte produces gametes gametes meet and fertilization occurs embryo grows into the Sporophyte In vascular plants the gametophyte is bisexual and produces both sperm and eggs In seedless vascular plants the sporophyte starts growing out of the gametophyte and originally becomes independent from the gametophyte Water is required for fertilization in seedless vascular plants and nonvascular plants CHAPTER 30 Seed Plants Seed plants originated sometime in the Permian time period for the climate became drier and water required fertilization was not favored Pollen grain contains the sperm and a tough coat of sporopollenin a polymer to protect is Seed contains the plant embryo diploid after fertilization along with a source of food and a tough seed coat Endosperm the source of food within a seed Further protection of the gametes and embryo is was allowed seed plants to thrive Two Major Lineages 1 Gymnosperms naked seeds seeds are usually contained within cones 2 Angiosperms flowering plants seeds are contained within fruits Fruit additional protective tissue around seeds Key Adaptations of Seed Plants 1 Reduced gametophyte generation size microscopic 2 Seeds 3 Pollen and pollination Two ways to pollinate o Animal pollinators angiosperms utilize this o Wind pollination both gymnosperms and angiosperms utilize this 4 Heterospory a Male spore microspore develops into male gametophyte pollen grain b Female spore megaspore develops into female gametophyte ovule Major Trends of Land Plant Evolution Decreased in size and independence of gametophyte generation Increase in sporophyte generation prominence Seed Components Embryo Endosperm derived from female gametophyte Seed Coat Seeds can remain dormant for long periods of time until the environment conditions are favorable for growth Groups of Gymnosperms Gingko trees now Conifers ex pine most species in this group Gynetophytes shrubs and vines Cycads extremely large fern like plants