KIN 3309 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Organization of the Nervous SystemII. Central Nervous SystemIII. Peripheral Nervous SystemIV. NeuronV. Motor NeuronsVI. Structure of a Motor NeuronVII. Neuromuscular JunctionVIII. Motor UnitIX. Types of Motor UnitX. Motor Unit PropertiesXI. RecruitmentXII. ReflexXIII. Proprioceptive ReceptorsXIV. Muscle SpindleXV. Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)XVI. Joint Sensory ReceptorsXVII. Cutaneous ReceptorsXVIII. Strength TrainingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XIX. Flexibility TechniquesXX. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) StretchingXXI. Plyometric TrainingXXII. Electromyography (EMG)XXIII. What can be learned from an EMG?XXIV. EMG InstrumentationXXV. Types of EMGXXVI. Surface ElectrodesXXVII. General ConcernsXXVIII. Characteristics of EMG SignalXXIX. Characteristics of Electrical NoiseXXX. EMG RecordingXXXI. EMG AnalysisXXXII. EMG ApplicationXXXIII. EMG During WalkingXXXIV. SummaryXXXV. QuizOutline of Current Lecture I. Upper ExtremityII. Sternoclavicular JointIII. ClavicleIV. Acromioclavicular JointV. Scapulothoracic JointVI. Glenohumerol JointVII. Movements of Shoulder ComplexVIII. Scapular MovementsIX. Shoulder Joint Range of MotionX. Shoulder Joint Movement CharacteristicsXI. Shoulder Muscle StrengthXII. Elbow and Radioulnar JointXIII. Ulnarhumeral JointXIV. Radiohumeral JointXV. Radioulnar JointXVI. Elbow Movement CharacteristicsXVII. Muscles Acting at the ElbowXVIII. Elbow ExtensorsXIX. WristXX. Wrist and FingersXXI. Carpal Tunnel SyndromeXXII. Contribution of Upper Extremity Musculature to Sports Skills or MovementsXXIII. Lower Extremity (starting from the hip joint and down)XXIV. The Pelvic and Hip ComplexXXV. Movements of the Sacrum and TrunkXXVI. Movements of the PelvisXXVII. The Hip JointXXVIII. Hip Ranges of MotionXXIX. The Femoral NeckXXX. Injury PotentialXXXI. Muscles Acting at the KneeXXXII. QuizXXXIII. The Knee JointXXXIV. Movements of the Knee JointXXXV. Anatomical and Functional CharacteristicsXXXVI. Knee Menisci and LigamentsXXXVII. Muscles Acting at the KneeXXXVIII. Strength and ForceXXXIX. The Ankle and FootCurrent LectureI. Upper Extremitya. The Shoulder Complexi. Sternoclavicular ii. Acromioclaviculariii. Scapulothoraciciv. GlenohumeralII. Sternoclavicular Jointa. The sternoclavicular joint is the only point of skeletal attachment of the upper extremity to the bodyi. Articulation between the sternum and clavicle ii. Gliding jointiii. Synovial jointiv. 3 degrees of freedomIII. Claviclea. S-shaped bone articulating with scapula and sternumb. The clavicle serves four roles:i. Site for muscle attachmentii. Protection1. Trachea, esophagus, vesselsiii. Strut to stabilize shoulder and prevent medial displacement of the upper limbiv. Preventing inferior migration of the shoulder girdleIV. Acromioclavicular Jointa. Articulation between the acromion process of scapula and lateral end of clavivlei. High contact stressesii. Limits arm movement above headV. Scapulothoracic Jointa. Physiologic joint between the scapula and the thoraxb. Not a bony articulationc. Muscles connect the scapula to the thoraxd. Increases mobility of the humerusVI. Glenohumeral Jointa. Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapulai. The “shoulder joint”ii. Synovial iii. Ball-and-socketiv. 3 degrees of freedomVII. Movements of the Shoulder Complexa. Dislocation b. Rotationc. Elevation and depressiond. Protraction and retractione. Horizontal flexion and extensionVIII. Scapular Movementsa.IX. Shoulder Joint Range of Motiona.X. Shoulder Joint Movement Characteristicsa. Large range of motion (ROM) at shoulderb. Extreme ROM required by many activitiesi. Swimming, throwing, gymnasticsc. Ligaments and muscles provide stabilityd. Scapular and clavicular movements accompany any arm movemente. Scapulohumerol rhythmi. Movement relationship between the humerus and scapula during arm-raising movementsf. Muscular Actionsi. Major muscles1. Deltoid, trapezius, rhomboids, pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior2. Rotator cuff (four muscles surrounding the shoulder joint)a. Infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)XI. Shoulder Muscle Strengtha. Generate greatest strengths in adductionb. Abduction used frequently in daily livingc. Weakest movements are internal and external rotationd. Muscles generate high forces within jointi. Almost 90% of body weight at 90 degree abductionXII. Elbow and Radioulnar Jointsa.XIII. Ulnarhumeral Jointa. The elbowb. Articulation between ulna and humerusc. Carrying anglei. Angle between ulna and humerus with elbow extendedii. 10-15 degrees in males, 15-25 degrees in femalesXIV. Radiohumeral Jointa. Articulation between the radius and humerusb. Capitulum i. Eminence on the distal end of lateral epicondyleii. Articulates with the head of radius at the elbowXV. Radioulnar Jointsa. Articulation between the ulna and radiusi. Proximal and distalb. Pronation and supinationc. Interosseous membranei. Thin layer of tissue running between the ulna and radiusii. Medial and lateral epicondylesXVI. Elbow Movement Characteristicsa. All 3 joints never close packed at same timeb. Movements limited by several factorsi. Soft tissue, ligaments, joint capsule, musclesXVII. Muscles acting at the elbowa. 24 muscles cross elbowi. Most of these muscles capable of multiple movementsii. Muscles better at some movements than othersXVIII. Elbow Extensorsa. Effectiveness is strongly influenced by forearm positionb. Triceps brachii is the strongest elbow musclei. Yet, the flexor muscle group is almost twice as strongXIX. Wrista. Radiocarpal jointi. Movement of the whole handii. Ellipsoid joint1. Flexion/extension, radial/ulnar flexion2. (not that the ulna does not articulate with the carpals)iii. radiocarpal joint is in the circleiv. medcarpal joint is the squiggly linev. __pic_b. Midcarpal jointi. Much of the movement of the hand begins at the midcarpal jointc. Intercarpal and carpometacarpal jointsi. Articulation between a pair of carpalsii. Gliding joints1. 1st CMC joint (thumb) privdes more movement than the restd. Metacarpophalangeal jointsi. Articulations between metacarpals and phalangesii. Flexion/extension, also abduction/adductionXX. Wrist and Fingersa. Muscles acting at the wristb. Manipulation activitiesc. Very fine movementsd. Many stable, yet