KIN 3309 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture Outline of Current Lecture I. Why Study Biomechanics?II. Basic TerminologyIII. Human Movement AnalysisIV. Areas of StudyV. Biomechanics vs. KinesiologyVI. Anatomy vs. Functional AnatomyVII. Linear vs. Angular MotionVIII. QuizIX. QuizX. Kinematics vs. Kinetics (TQ)XI. Statics vs. DynamicsXII. Skeleton – Body SegmentsXIII. Reference PositionsXIV. Relative PositionsXV. Flexion and ExtensionXVI. Abduction and AdductionXVII. Other Movement DescriptorsXVIII. Specialized Movement DescriptorsXIX. Movement Descriptors of FootXX. Pronation and Supination of the FootXXI. Reference SystemsXXII. Absolute vs. RelativeXXIII. Planes and AxesXXIV. Cardinal PlanesXXV. Degrees of FreedomXXVI. SummaryCurrent LectureI. Why Study Biomechanics?a. Better UnderstandingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Facilitates better teachingii. Successful coachingiii. More observant therapyiv. Knowledgeable exercise prescriptionII. Basic Terminologya. Quantitativei. Measurements when numbers are involvedii. Examples1. How fast? 30 sec2. How far? 25 km3. How much? 16kgb. Qualitativei. Measurements involving nonnumeric description of quality of movementii. Examples1. Good vs Poor2. Long vs Short3. Heavy vs Lightiii. Includes nonnumbersiv. Collecting their perception in terms of the exercise programIII. Human Movement AnalysisIV. Areas of Studya. Biomechanics vs. Kinesiologyb. Anatomy vs. Functional Anatomyc. Linear vs. Angular Motiond. Kinematics vs. KineticsV. Biomechanics vs. Kinesiologya. Kinesiologyi. Scientific study of human movementii. Anatomical, physiological, psychological, biomechanicalb. Biomechanicsi. Application of mechanics to biological systems ii. More specific than kinesiologyiii. A branch of kinesiologyc. Biomechanics is concerned with the internal and external forces that act on the human body and the effects produced by these forcesVI. Anatomy vs. Functional Anatomya. Anatomyi. Structure of the bodyii. Focus on structureiii. Example: Study of biceps brachiiiv.b. Functional Anatomyi. Body components necessary to achieve goalii. Focus on functioniii. Example: Analysis of bicep curlVII. Linear vs. Angular Motiona. Linear Motioni. AKA translation of translational motionii. Movement on straight or curved pathwayiii. All points on a body move same distance, same timeiv. Ex. can be a curved line (hilly)v. The body is moving together a long a pathvi. Whole body is movingvii. When entire is moving togetherb. Angular Motioni. Motional round some pointii. Different regions of the same body segment do not move through the same distanceiii. Body is moving within a significant pointiv. Ex. Second ladyv. Movement by a specific axisVIII. Quiza. Which of the following is an example of linear motion?b. A child performing a cartwheelc. The path of a baseball while it is in the aird. A runner’s leg motion during a 100-m racee. None of the aboveIX. Quiza. Which of the following is an example of angular motion?b. The path of a baseball while it is in the airc. A parachutist in free falld. The arm of a pitcher throwing a balle. None of the aboveX. Kinematics vs. Kinetics (TQ)a. Kinematicsi. Examines spatial (space) and temporal (time) characteristics of motion1. Position (displacement), velocity, and accelerationii. Example: How fast the thing is moving, how high it goes, or how far it travelsiii. The forces causing the motion are not considered (VERY IMPORTANT)iv. In the case of the golf swing:1. Amount, type, and direction of movement2. Speed or changes in speed of the bodyb. Kineticsi. Examines forces that cause motion1. Magnitude2. Direction3. Line of action4. Point of applicationii. In the case of the golf swing:XI. Statics vs. Dynamicsa. Staticsi. Examines systems not moving or moving at a constant speedii. Equilibrium: no acceleration1. All statics has no motion2. Considered to be at equilibrium3. Ex. Space, because no gravity4. Example: Spaceship gliding through spaceb. Dynamicsi. Examines systems that are being accelerated1. Or deceleration2. Example: Softball pitch, sprintingXII. Skeleton – Body Segmentsa. Axial i. Headii. Neckiii. Trunkiv. More than 50% of the bodyv. Moves much more slowly than appendicular partsb. Appendiculari. Upper extremitiesii. Lower extremities iii. A little harder to observe than axial partsXIII. Reference Positionsa. Anatomical positioni. Standard reference pointii. Palms face frontb. Fundamental positioni. Similar to anatomical positionii. Arms more relaxediii. Palms face inwardc. Relative Angle (AKA joint angle)i. Included angle between two segmentsXIV. Relative Positionsa. Medial – toward midline of the bodyb. Lateral – away from midline of the bodyc. Proximal – toward point of attachmentd. Distal – away from point of attachmente. Superior – toward the top of the headf. Inferior – toward the bottom of the feetg. Anterior – front, ventralh. Posterior – back, dorsali. Ipsilateral – on the same sidej. Contralateral – on opposite sidesXV. Flexion and Extensiona. Flexioni. A bending movement by decreasing the joint angle between a segment and its proximal segmentb. Extensioni. A straightening movement by increasing the joint angleii. a segment returns to the reference positionc. Hyperflexioni. Flexion beyond normal ranged. Hyperextensioni. Extension beyond normal rangeXVI. Abduction and Adductiona. Abductioni. Moving away from the midline of the bodyb. Adductioni. Moving toward the midline of the bodyc. Hyperabductioni. Abduction past 180 degree pointd. Hyperadduction i. Adduction pas 180 degree pointXVII. Other Movement Descriptorsa. Rotationi. Medial (internal) or lateral (external)ii. Right/Left for head and trunkb. Lateral Flexioni. Head or trunk onlyii. Example: head tilts sidewaysc. Circumductioni. Movement in a conic fashionXVIII. Specialized Movement Descriptorsa. Horizontal adductioni. Combination of flexion and adductionb. Horizontal abductioni. Combination of extension and abductionc. Pronation – turn palms backwardd. Supination – turn palms frontwarde. Radial flexion – hands toward thumbf. Ulnar flexion – hand toward little fingerXIX. Movement Descriptors of Foota. Plantarflexioni. Increase angle between foot and shankb. Dorsiflexioni. Decrease angle between foot and shankc. Inversioni. Lift medial edge of footd. Eversion i. Lift lateral edge of footXX.