KIN 3309 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Organization of the Nervous System II Central Nervous System III Peripheral Nervous System IV Neuron V Motor Neurons VI Structure of a Motor Neuron VII Neuromuscular Junction VIII Motor Unit IX Types of Motor Unit X Motor Unit Properties XI Recruitment XII Reflex XIII Proprioceptive Receptors XIV Muscle Spindle XV Golgi Tendon Organ GTO XVI Joint Sensory Receptors XVII Cutaneous Receptors XVIII Strength Training These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute XIX Flexibility Techniques XX Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF Stretching XXI Plyometric Training XXII Electromyography EMG XXIII What can be learned from an EMG XXIV EMG Instrumentation XXV Types of EMG XXVI Surface Electrodes XXVII General Concerns XXVIII Characteristics of EMG Signal XXIX Characteristics of Electrical Noise XXX EMG Recording XXXI EMG Analysis XXXII EMG Application XXXIII EMG During Walking XXXIV Summary XXXV Quiz Outline of Current Lecture I Upper Extremity II Sternoclavicular Joint III Clavicle IV Acromioclavicular Joint V Scapulothoracic Joint VI Glenohumerol Joint VII Movements of Shoulder Complex VIII Scapular Movements IX Shoulder Joint Range of Motion X Shoulder Joint Movement Characteristics XI Shoulder Muscle Strength XII Elbow and Radioulnar Joint XIII Ulnarhumeral Joint XIV Radiohumeral Joint XV Radioulnar Joint XVI Elbow Movement Characteristics XVII Muscles Acting at the Elbow XVIII Elbow Extensors XIX Wrist XX Wrist and Fingers XXI Carpal Tunnel Syndrome XXII Contribution of Upper Extremity Musculature to Sports Skills or Movements XXIII Lower Extremity starting from the hip joint and down XXIV The Pelvic and Hip Complex XXV Movements of the Sacrum and Trunk XXVI Movements of the Pelvis XXVII The Hip Joint XXVIII Hip Ranges of Motion XXIX The Femoral Neck XXX Injury Potential XXXI Muscles Acting at the Knee XXXII Quiz XXXIII The Knee Joint XXXIV Movements of the Knee Joint XXXV Anatomical and Functional Characteristics XXXVI Knee Menisci and Ligaments XXXVII Muscles Acting at the Knee XXXVIII Strength and Force XXXIX The Ankle and Foot Current Lecture I Upper Extremity a The Shoulder Complex i Sternoclavicular ii Acromioclavicular iii Scapulothoracic iv Glenohumeral II Sternoclavicular Joint a The sternoclavicular joint is the only point of skeletal attachment of the upper extremity to the body i Articulation between the sternum and clavicle ii Gliding joint iii Synovial joint iv 3 degrees of freedom III Clavicle a S shaped bone articulating with scapula and sternum b The clavicle serves four roles i Site for muscle attachment ii Protection 1 Trachea esophagus vessels iii Strut to stabilize shoulder and prevent medial displacement of the upper limb iv Preventing inferior migration of the shoulder girdle IV Acromioclavicular Joint a Articulation between the acromion process of scapula and lateral end of clavivle i High contact stresses ii Limits arm movement above head V Scapulothoracic Joint a Physiologic joint between the scapula and the thorax b Not a bony articulation c Muscles connect the scapula to the thorax d Increases mobility of the humerus VI Glenohumeral Joint a Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula i The shoulder joint ii Synovial iii Ball and socket iv 3 degrees of freedom VII Movements of the Shoulder Complex a Dislocation b Rotation c Elevation and depression d Protraction and retraction e Horizontal flexion and extension VIII Scapular Movements a IX Shoulder Joint Range of Motion a X Shoulder Joint Movement Characteristics a Large range of motion ROM at shoulder b Extreme ROM required by many activities i Swimming throwing gymnastics c Ligaments and muscles provide stability d Scapular and clavicular movements accompany any arm movement e Scapulohumerol rhythm i Movement relationship between the humerus and scapula during armraising movements f Muscular Actions i Major muscles 1 Deltoid trapezius rhomboids pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi serratus anterior 2 Rotator cuff four muscles surrounding the shoulder joint a Infraspinatus supraspinatus teres minor subscapularis XI Shoulder Muscle Strength a Generate greatest strengths in adduction b Abduction used frequently in daily living c Weakest movements are internal and external rotation d Muscles generate high forces within joint i Almost 90 of body weight at 90 degree abduction XII Elbow and Radioulnar Joints a XIII Ulnarhumeral Joint a The elbow b Articulation between ulna and humerus c Carrying angle i Angle between ulna and humerus with elbow extended ii 10 15 degrees in males 15 25 degrees in females XIV Radiohumeral Joint a Articulation between the radius and humerus b Capitulum i Eminence on the distal end of lateral epicondyle ii Articulates with the head of radius at the elbow XV Radioulnar Joints a Articulation between the ulna and radius i Proximal and distal b Pronation and supination c Interosseous membrane i Thin layer of tissue running between the ulna and radius ii Medial and lateral epicondyles XVI Elbow Movement Characteristics a All 3 joints never close packed at same time b Movements limited by several factors i Soft tissue ligaments joint capsule muscles XVII Muscles acting at the elbow a 24 muscles cross elbow i Most of these muscles capable of multiple movements ii Muscles better at some movements than others XVIII Elbow Extensors a Effectiveness is strongly influenced by forearm position b Triceps brachii is the strongest elbow muscle i Yet the flexor muscle group is almost twice as strong XIX Wrist a Radiocarpal joint i Movement of the whole hand ii Ellipsoid joint 1 Flexion extension radial ulnar flexion 2 not that the ulna does not articulate with the carpals iii radiocarpal joint is in the circle iv medcarpal joint is the squiggly line v pic b Midcarpal joint i Much of the movement of the hand begins at the midcarpal joint c Intercarpal and carpometacarpal joints i Articulation between a pair of carpals ii Gliding joints 1 1st CMC joint thumb privdes more movement than the rest d Metacarpophalangeal joints i Articulations between metacarpals and phalanges ii Flexion extension also abduction adduction XX Wrist and Fingers a Muscles acting at the wrist b Manipulation activities c Very fine movements d Many stable yet mobile segments XXI Carpal Tunnel Syndrome a Neuropathy one of the