JMC 1100 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 6 Lecture 1 January 22 What is social science It is the understanding of how the world is socially connected how humans are curious by nature and helps us understand the cause and effect predict future behavior and understand our place in society Chain of Science Hypothesis theory law Social Constructionism Immanuel Kant Reality varies based on the person Circumstances media and use of language construct this 4 Ways of Knowing 1 Authority police 2 A Priori Intuition walking down an alley 3 Tenacity based on past beliefs Church 4 Science what we talk hear about False ability It should be possible to specify ahead of time what sort of data would make the hypothesis false physics 5 Characteristics of the Scientific Method 1 Public unbiased and public 2 Objective increase ruling out bias 3 Empirical measurable 4 Cumulative knowledge built on previous knowledge 5 Predictive propose hypothesis and create theory Lecture 2 January 27 History Gutenberg printing press Literacy becomes mass produced Spanish American War First Media War Propaganda to sell newspapers William Randolph Hurst You give me the pictures I ll create a war Movies hugely popular Birth of a Nation 1915 Racist KKK showed medias power Leads to theory what we are watching has power Factors lead to social science research Industrialization modernization growth in education growth in population immigration Payne fund study 1933 How movies effect youth More memory with movies Violence was real Leads to idea of powerful effects Nazis use media to control people Mass society theory media corrupt society Powerful effects model media has powerful effect society FALSE Limited Effects We aren t the same Selective exposure ignore things we don t like choose things we agree with Lecture 3 January 29 Radios gain popularity War of the Worlds a fake story created about an alien invasion that people thought was real The people affected were religious had low self esteem and critical thinking ability The trust in media proved limited effects because it didn t affect everyone the same Princeton Study people trusted the radio and those affected had the three characteristics religious low self esteem and critical thinking ability Types of Media Effects 1 Micro Macro How it effects me micro How are others affected macro 2 Content specific diffuse general Violent video games violent people content Population 3 Attitude behavioral Does media change your attitude Does the media change your behavior 4 Alteration Stabilization Opinion change Alter Reaffirming beliefs Stable Opinion leaders are personal experts in a field Two step flow goes from the media to an opinion leader who then directs general citizens toward information Hypodermic Needle Model Powerful effects effects everyone the same way punching movies makes people go out and punch Circling effect Level of motivation so high there is no effect Powerful effects research does not exist today it was disproved by limited effects Lecture 4 February 2 Content analysis describes the nature of a particular content and there are two types There is manifest which is material that actually appears while latent is a reinterpretation of media message The benefits of content analysis are 1 It s objective same standards and removes bias 2 It s systematic consistent and clear procedures for coding 3 It s quantitative content coded through numbers of timers an event or situation Methodology Surveys and polls allow people to have their opinion known and examine the relationship between variables Margin of Error is how precise a poll is and conducts a survey about media consumption results what the sample difference to the population Example 70 of people love TV 68 of people love internet The MOE of 3 however we cannot say more people love TV because they overlap Random vs Non Random Random sampling everyone has a chance to be apart of the sample while non random is not everyone has an equal chance to make the sample Cross sectional vs Longitudinal Cross sectional occurs at every single point and is one sample while longitudinal is done over a while The trend study studies population however the participants may change The panel study same people over a period of time Finally the Cohort study allows the research to asses changes in a general group In example a cohort age group Lecture 5 February 5 Experiments shows cause and effect There must be a treatment group which is the one studied and a control group which is the neutral group Each group has to be equal regarding types of people Correlation and Causality understands the difference Correlation is the relationship between two variables but doesn t have a cause and effect Causality is the relationship between two variables such that one influences the other creates it or changes it somehow 3 Criteria for Causality 1 Logical association between variables Watching sexual content triggers sexual behavior 2 Constant time order one always occurs before the other 3 All other variables ruled out Lecture 6 February 10 Innovation is an idea practice or object perceived as new by an individual Diffusion is how society members communicate an innovation through certain channels over time A person who learns about innovation when someone actually adopts the idea of innovation and when the person finally interacts with other on a social network influences the idea of diffusion 5 stages of adoption 1 Knowledge exposure to innovations 2 Persuasion form a an attitude favorable unfavorable 3 Decision Actions we take that help us choose to adopt or reject innovation 4 Implementation putting innovation to use 5 Confirmation seeking reinforcement for our decision Who are the adopters Innovators early adopters the early majority the late majority and then the laggards Implications media messages influence people differently and applications beyond theory