GradeBuddy ARHS 2013 Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 9 Lecture 1 January 13 I subject matter medium form context MEANING A subject matter what it is about B medium material C form what are you looking at formal elements 1 formal elements a line dot in movement b shape an enclosed line c value lightness or darkness of something d color when light reflects off e texture how the surface appears f space the distance around within or between D context where how and for what was the painting s purpose 1 what was going on in the world when the painting was made II prehistory in Western Europe A stone age 1 paleolithic cave paintings small sculptures Venus of Willendorf 2 mesolithic 3 neolithic menhirs dolmen cromlech Lecture 2 and 3 January 15 I Greek God s A they took human form B Zeus Jupiter king C Hera Jupiter family D Poseidon Neptune seas E Athena Minerva wisdom F Dionysus Bacchus wine excess entertainment G Aphrodite Venus love beauty 1 the latte4r name is the Roman version II Periods of Greek Art A Geometric abstract didn t know how to depict a human body 1 ex amphora B Archaic what is the ideal man 1 ex black and red figure technique C Classical high period height of human representation 1 Late Classical was the start of Praxitelean Curve D Hellenistic period of decline exaggerated wet drapery III Greek Humanism A Kalos Kagathos the idea that the ideal man is both physically beautiful and virtuous B Sophrosyne the idea that the ideal man has self control along with moderation C manifesto man is the measure of all things Lecture 4 January 22 I Greek Artwork A they used the Golden Ratio order balance symmetry B Greek orders 1 doric least decorative 2 ionic had volutes at the top medium 3 corinthian most decorative II The Romans A they copied the Greeks B domes and arches C they were concerned with their rein and showing how powerful they were Lecture 5 January 27 I Early Christians A they adapted the Roman Basilicas into churches B central plan these churches were square and compact with a dome C cruciform plan these churches portrayed a cross figure with transepts D used the mosaic painting technique with broken tile pieces which had hidden messages 1 hieratic scale the most important figure is bigger than the rest so it draws the eye s attention E ionic picture is often used in worship just the face F narrative the picture portrays a story G Western artwork 1 the divine were painted as the most important H Eastern artwork 1 the emperors empresses and the divine were of equal importance Lecture 6 January 29 I Romanesque A pilgrimage 1 people would set off on religious journeys through Compostela Jerusalem and Rome B cathedrals 1 they seemed very heavy and thick 2 they invented the vault ribbed groin and barrel 3 they were taller so they could add windows II Gothic cathedrals A grow wider and away from the cruciform plan B they were taller and appeared lighter C had rose windows and facades face of church that were decorated Lecture 7 February 3 I Pre Renaissance A they were no longer okay with not understanding the ways of the world B styles 1 intellectualism 2 realism buildings were painted with great detail 3 window within a window first landscaping 4 neo classiciam C painting techniques 1 fresco directly on wall 2 tempera pigment mixed with egg whites on a panel wood D Byzantine Tradition 1 Mary was depicted as more of a human and Jesus looked like a adult but was still the size of a infant 2 the color gold was a key factor E artists 1 Cimabue 2 Duccio 3 Giotto Lecture 8 February 5 I Early Renaissance A concerned with highlighting the Ancient Greek style B their humans were very realistic C Florence was the center of the Renaissance D linear perspective 1 one point there is one vanishing point 2 two point perspective there is two vanishing points one at each side of the painting E religious iconography 1 viewers at this time understand a certain type of symbolism within artwork where we have to do research to decode it Lecture 9 February 10 I Italian Renaissance A altarpieces were important B techniques and styles 1 fresco and tempera 2 linear perspective 3 window within a window 4 advancing narratives II Northern Renaissance A their paintings were done with what looked like scientific detail B landscaping and painted lower class society C private painting D technique 1 oil technique 2 3 4 5 precise detail window within a window transcending the real world humble Madonna Vocabulary naturalism a style of art seeking to represent objects as they appear in nature nonrepresentational not representing any know object in nature medium the material with which an artist works technique formal analysis analysis of a work of art to determine how its integral parts formal elements are combined to produce the overall style and effect contextual analysis abstraction having a generalized or essential form with only a symbolic resemblance to natural objects carving a subtractive sculptural technique in which the artist removes material from a hard surface with a sharp instrument sculpture in the round freestanding sculpture figures carved in 3D relief sculpture to give the impression that the sculpture has been raised from the background plane amphora an ancient Greek 2 handed vessel for storing grain honey wine or oil humanism implying importance on humans instead of the divine mimesis representation of the real world contrapposto a stance in which one leg bares the weight while the other is relaxed mosaic painting little pieces of tile put into a painting nave where worship was help in a cathedral apse a projecting part of a church usually semicircle and topped with half a dome colonnade a row of columns set at intervals pediment in classical architecture the triangular section at the top of the roof portico a porch with a roof supported by columns entrance of buildings oculus the hole in the center of a dome coffers a recessed hollowed geometrical panel in a ceiling Chi Rho first two letters of Christ Christo Gram Jesus Christ illusion a type of art were the objects are intended to appear real symbolism using an object to depict a meaning transept the parts on the cruciform plan that stick out and make it appear cross shaped atrium a open courtyard leading to a building ambulatory a vaulted passage way surrounding the apse altar any structure used as a place of worship or sacrifice manuscript illusionism monastery a religious establishment housing a community of people living in