NSCI 110 1st Edition Lecture 6A. An axo-dendritic connection is a standard synaptic interactionB. Soma contains all organelles found in other basic cell typesC. Vesicles are transported down the axon via microtubulesa. May be precursors, neurotransmitters, enzymesNEURON CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMSD. Based on number of processes/neuritisa. Unipolar, bipolar, multipolarE. Afferent, efferent, interneurona. A structure can be carrying afferent (input) or efferent (output) information even if it does not correspond to sensory/motor functionsi. Relative to the structure in the brainb. An interneural site stays within the structure and connects the pathway of informationi. *** drawing a synapse: draw small branch and circle for body of next neuronii. Pyramidal cells, stellate cells, Purkinje cellsc. An alpha motor neuron has an enormous cell bodyi. Found in the ventral portion of the spinal cordii. Have large dendritic branches and axons with large diametersiii. Are myelinatedF. MyelinatedvsnonmyelinatedG. Length of axonH. Function (reflex, projection, ect.)a. Projection neurons have axons that gather sensory info, send to spinal cord, info is synapsed here and projection neuron in gray matter of the spinal cord picks it up and sends to the brainI. Neurotransmittera. Dopaminergic, seratonergic, ect.NEUROGLIAL CELL TYPESJ. Within the CNSa. Ependymal (ventricular system)b. Oligodendrocyte (producing myelin)c. Astrocyte (very numerous, “caretakers”)d. Microglia (immune function)K. Within the PNSa. Schwann (neurolemmal) cellsb. Satellite cellsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.L. Myelin sheathsa. Oligodendroglia cells wrap around multiple times, forming myelin sheaths around an axoni. Has cell body near axon, multiple processes stretch along axonb. Action potentials only conduct from node to node (of Ranvier)c. Schwann cells form a single myelin sheathi. On afferent fibersii. Each sheath is a separate cell (as opposed to several processes from a single oligodendrocyte)iii. “Self-contained” glial celld. Myelin is very tightly wrapped around axonsi. Lipid layers creates an insulating effectM. Non-myelinated sheathing still involves glial cells (PNS)a. Cytoplasm of a Schwann cell can wrap itself around a group of axonsi. Each sheath is still a separate cellii. Promotes health of the neuron, provides nutrientsb. Pencil analogy sheaths around multiple pencils (no spaces/nodes)ASTROCYTIC FUNCTIONSN. Some functions:a. Blood-brain barrierb. Neural environment regulationi. Maintain extracellular concentrations of K+, Ca+2, Na+, Cl-ii. Located near gap junctions and remove K+ from extracellular spacec. Metabolism, growth, neuronal health in the CNSi. Release of nerve growth factorii. Nutritioniii. Energy reservesd. Structural supporte. Neurotransmitter
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