CC 302/CTI 310 Study Guide: Exam 4Nota Bene: At the exam, be sure that you write your name and EID on the scantron, fill in the associated bubbles, and transfer all responses to the scantron. Only answers on the scantron will be graded. Please also be sure to write your name on the answer sheet for the short answer questions.I. Preparationa. Bring a #2 pencil as well as a pen (if you prefer) for the short answer section of the exam. All other materials will be provided.b. Review all assigned readings carefully. Be familiar with names, dates, and specific details of events (who did what? Why? Consequences?).c. Midterm #4 will cover all readings and lectures from 2-18 November, including all supplemental lectures posted during this period (e.g. on Gladiators). d. Review all class notes carefully and thoroughly. You are responsible for the material covered in class, even if it was not included in the assigned readings.e. Review recordings of lectures and slides. Be familiar and prepared to identify and analyze images of paintings/statues/coins on slides. The audio files are posted on Blackboard under “course documents.” Click on the highlighted link at the bottom of the entry (not the arrow button).f. Form a study group. This is not necessary or required; but you will probably findit useful to “pool resources” and talk through ideas with a small group of your classmates.g. Attend a review session with the Teaching Assistants (Wed. 4-5, WAG 308; Th. 2-3, WAG 208). This is not required but will give you a chance to ask any questions you might have and also practice answering multiple choice and short answer questions.h. Visit office hours (either mine or the TAs); we will also answer questions over email if they can be answered succinctly. Our answer may be to tell you where in the readings you can find the answer to your question.i. DO NOT wait to study until Sunday night at midnight. Do at least some preliminary studying over the weekend so that you have plenty of time and opportunity to ask questions about topics you don’t understand. II. Format of Exama. Multiple Choice (20 @ 3 pts=60 pts): these will be a range of factual questions drawn from the readings and class lectures/discussion. For instance:i. Which emperor began construction on the Colosseum in Rome?ii. What were retiring gladiators given as a retirement gift?b. Short answer (10 @ 4 pts=40 pts): these may be more general questions but will be very similar in form to the multiple choice questions. Rather than choosing from a set of possible answers, however, you will have to generate the answer yourself. At times, you might need to write a few sentences, but these are not meant to be essay questions. For instance:i. Describe the conditions that led to the creation of the tetrarchy.ii. What was the alimenta? Which emperor created it? Who continued it?Important Names, Events, Terms to ReviewJuliaPostumus AgrippaTiberiusPraetorian GuardSejanusCaligulaAgrippina the YoungerClaudiusMessalinaOctavia (daughter of Claudius, wife of Nero)BritannicusNeroSenecaBurrusFire of 64Pisonian ConspiracyPoppaeaDomus Aurea (“Golden House”)VindexVerginius RufusGalbaOthoVitelliusVespasianJewish RevoltMasadaTitusEruption of Mt. VesuviusDomitianDominus et deusDamnatio memoriae (“condemnation of memory”)Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)Lex de Imperio VespasianoNervaalimentaTrajanOptimus PrincepsHadrianMarcus AureliusFaustinaBar Kokhba WarHadrian’s WallMausoleum of HadrianVenatio (“beast hunt”)Pompa (“procession/parade”)LanistaRudisRetiariusAurelianDiocletianPrice EdictTetrarchyConstantiusMaximianMaxentiusGaleriusLiciniusBattle of the Milvian BridgeIn hoc signo vinces (“in this sign you will conquer”)Edict of MilanArch of ConstantineTopics to Review1. How did Agrippa originally figure in Augustus’ succession plans? What role did Julia play? What happened to Julia when Agrippa died? What caused Augustus to settle on Tiberius as his successor? How did he go about transferring power to Tiberius?2. How did Augustus die? Where? What did he supposedly say as he was dying? What happened to his body? Be familiar with Augustus’ changes in the system of provincial taxation.3. Be familiar with the basic details of Tiberius’ reign, with special attention to the ways that he differed from Augustus (e.g. sponsorship of public games). How did Tiberius give special power and prominence to the Praetorian Guard? Where did Tiberius spent most of his time while Emperor? Why was this a problem?4. How did Caligula become emperor? What sorts of activities did he do to cultivate popular support? Possible reasons why he ended up so despised, esp. by Senate? What happened to him?5. Claudius’ relationship to Caligula? How did Claudius become emperor? Was his claim uncontested? What did Claudius do as emperor? Why did he divorce Messalina? Who did he marry after Messalina? Why? Claudius’ relationship to Nero? How did Nero strengthen his claim as Claudius’ successor? How did Claudius die? Nero’s treatment of Claudius’ memory?6. Motives Nero may have had to murder Britannicus? How did the early years of Nero’s rule differ from the later years? What was the turning point? What happened to Nero’s mother? Octavia? Why did some Romans think that Nero set the fire in 64? Who did Nero blame? Nero’s relationship with the senate after 64? Why were some provincials upset with him?7. Reasons for Vindex’s revolt? How did Vindex attack Nero’s character? Nero’s reaction to the revolt? How was the revolt stopped? What happened to Vindex? Verginius Rufus? 8. Why did Nero attempt to sneak away from Rome in 68? How did he die? Reactions to his death by senate? People? Evidence for Nero’s enduring popularity after his death?9. How did Galba position himself with regard to Nero? Who replaced Galba as emperor? How did this happen? How did Vitellius become emperor? How did Vespasian become emperor? What role did the Prefect of Egypt play in Vespasian’s rise?10. What was the situation in Rome in 69 AD? When did the Senate officially declare Vespasian emperor? How was Vespasian able to consolidate his power and stay in command? What specific actions did Vespasian take to institutionalize the Principate? Ways that Vespasian distanced himself from Augustus and the Julio-Claudian family dynasty?11. How did Vespasian fund his large-scale building projects in Rome? How did he