KIN 3309 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture Outline of Current Lecture I Why Study Biomechanics II Basic Terminology III Human Movement Analysis IV Areas of Study V Biomechanics vs Kinesiology VI Anatomy vs Functional Anatomy VII Linear vs Angular Motion VIII Quiz IX Quiz X Kinematics vs Kinetics TQ XI Statics vs Dynamics XII Skeleton Body Segments XIII Reference Positions XIV Relative Positions XV Flexion and Extension XVI Abduction and Adduction XVII Other Movement Descriptors XVIII Specialized Movement Descriptors XIX Movement Descriptors of Foot XX Pronation and Supination of the Foot XXI Reference Systems XXII Absolute vs Relative XXIII Planes and Axes XXIV Cardinal Planes XXV Degrees of Freedom XXVI Summary Current Lecture I Why Study Biomechanics a Better Understanding These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i ii iii iv II Facilitates better teaching Successful coaching More observant therapy Knowledgeable exercise prescription Basic Terminology a Quantitative i Measurements when numbers are involved ii Examples 1 How fast 30 sec 2 How far 25 km 3 How much 16kg b Qualitative i Measurements involving nonnumeric description of quality of movement ii Examples 1 Good vs Poor 2 Long vs Short 3 Heavy vs Light iii Includes nonnumbers iv Collecting their perception in terms of the exercise program III Human Movement Analysis IV Areas of Study a Biomechanics vs Kinesiology b Anatomy vs Functional Anatomy c Linear vs Angular Motion d Kinematics vs Kinetics V Biomechanics vs Kinesiology a Kinesiology i Scientific study of human movement ii Anatomical physiological psychological biomechanical b Biomechanics i Application of mechanics to biological systems ii More specific than kinesiology iii A branch of kinesiology c Biomechanics is concerned with the internal and external forces that act on the human body and the effects produced by these forces VI Anatomy vs Functional Anatomy a Anatomy i Structure of the body ii Focus on structure iii Example Study of biceps brachii iv b Functional Anatomy i Body components necessary to achieve goal ii Focus on function iii Example Analysis of bicep curl VII Linear vs Angular Motion a Linear Motion i AKA translation of translational motion ii Movement on straight or curved pathway iii All points on a body move same distance same time iv Ex can be a curved line hilly v The body is moving together a long a path vi Whole body is moving vii When entire is moving together b Angular Motion i Motional round some point ii Different regions of the same body segment do not move through the same distance iii Body is moving within a significant point iv Ex Second lady v Movement by a specific axis VIII Quiz a Which of the following is an example of linear motion b A child performing a cartwheel c The path of a baseball while it is in the air d A runner s leg motion during a 100 m race e None of the above IX Quiz a Which of the following is an example of angular motion b The path of a baseball while it is in the air c A parachutist in free fall d The arm of a pitcher throwing a ball e None of the above X Kinematics vs Kinetics TQ a Kinematics i Examines spatial space and temporal time characteristics of motion 1 Position displacement velocity and acceleration ii Example How fast the thing is moving how high it goes or how far it travels iii The forces causing the motion are not considered VERY IMPORTANT iv In the case of the golf swing 1 Amount type and direction of movement 2 Speed or changes in speed of the body b Kinetics i Examines forces that cause motion 1 Magnitude 2 Direction 3 Line of action 4 Point of application ii In the case of the golf swing XI Statics vs Dynamics a Statics i Examines systems not moving or moving at a constant speed ii Equilibrium no acceleration 1 All statics has no motion 2 Considered to be at equilibrium 3 Ex Space because no gravity 4 Example Spaceship gliding through space b Dynamics i Examines systems that are being accelerated 1 Or deceleration 2 Example Softball pitch sprinting XII Skeleton Body Segments a Axial i Head ii Neck iii Trunk iv More than 50 of the body v Moves much more slowly than appendicular parts b Appendicular i Upper extremities ii Lower extremities iii A little harder to observe than axial parts XIII Reference Positions a Anatomical position i Standard reference point ii Palms face front b Fundamental position i Similar to anatomical position ii Arms more relaxed iii Palms face inward c Relative Angle AKA joint angle i Included angle between two segments XIV Relative Positions a Medial toward midline of the body b Lateral away from midline of the body c Proximal toward point of attachment d Distal away from point of attachment e Superior toward the top of the head f Inferior toward the bottom of the feet g Anterior front ventral h Posterior back dorsal i Ipsilateral on the same side j Contralateral on opposite sides XV Flexion and Extension a Flexion i A bending movement by decreasing the joint angle between a segment and its proximal segment b Extension i A straightening movement by increasing the joint angle ii a segment returns to the reference position c Hyperflexion i Flexion beyond normal range d Hyperextension i Extension beyond normal range XVI Abduction and Adduction a Abduction i Moving away from the midline of the body b Adduction i Moving toward the midline of the body c Hyperabduction i Abduction past 180 degree point d Hyperadduction i Adduction pas 180 degree point XVII Other Movement Descriptors a Rotation i Medial internal or lateral external ii Right Left for head and trunk b Lateral Flexion i Head or trunk only ii Example head tilts sideways c Circumduction i Movement in a conic fashion XVIII Specialized Movement Descriptors a Horizontal adduction i Combination of flexion and adduction b Horizontal abduction i Combination of extension and abduction c Pronation turn palms backward d Supination turn palms frontward e Radial flexion hands toward thumb f Ulnar flexion hand toward little finger XIX Movement Descriptors of Foot a Plantarflexion i Increase angle between foot and shank b Dorsiflexion i Decrease angle between foot and shank c Inversion i Lift medial edge of foot d Eversion i Lift lateral edge of foot XX Pronation and Supination of the Foot a Pronation and supination of the feet are not the same as inversion and eversion b Pronation of the foot i