These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Lecture!3!The$Constitution$(continued)$$I. The!Virginia!Plan:!National!Authority!A. Bicameral!Legislature!1. Lower!house!elected!by!the!people!2. Upper!house!elected!by!the!lower!class!3. Power!to!negate!state!laws!!B. Executive!1. Elected!by!the!Legislature!2. Established!executive!enforcement!power!C. Judiciary!!1. Established!a!Supreme!Tribunal!2. Life!tenure!for!judges!3. Council!of!Revision!a. Comprised!of!the!Executive!and!Judiciary!b. Would!review!legislation!befo re!it!was!enacted!II. The!New!Jersey!Plan:!States!Right!A. Unicameral!Legislature!!1. Each!state!having!one!vote!2. Added!the!powers!of!taxation!and!regulation!of!commerce!3. Included!3/5th!provision!B. Executive!!1. Elected!by!the!Congress!2. Appointed!and!military!powers!3. Majority!of!state!governors!could!petition!for!removal!4. Limited!to!one!term!C. Federal!Judiciary!1. Established!a!Supreme!Tribunal!!2. Judges!to!have!life!tenure!3. Handle!impeachment!proceedings!III. The!Great!Compromise!A. Article!I!–!Bicameral!Legislature!!1. House!based!upon!and!elected!by!state!population!a. 3/5th!Compromise!!2. 2!Senators!elected!by!state!legislatures!!B. Article!II!–!Executive!!!!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$POLS$11136032$$! !1. Electoral!college!C. Article!III!–!Judiciary!!1. Established!a!Supreme!Court!2. Life!tenure!IV. Distribution!of!Powers!A. Executive!1. Enforces!law!!2. Commander!in!chief!3. Veto!authority!4. Treaties!5. Appointment!powers!6. Pardon!B. Legislative!1. Passes!laws!2. Budget!authority!3. Approves!treaties!4. Regulate!commerce!5. Established!courts!C. Judicial!1. Constitutionality!of!Laws!2. Decides!real!cases!and!controversies!3. Decides!interW!state!disputes!V. Check!and!Balances!!A. The!Presidency!1. The!president!proposes!laws!and!can!veto!congressional!legislation:!!the!president!makes!treaties,!executive!agreements,!and!executive!orders;!the!president!can!refuse!and!has!refused!to!enforce!congressional!legislation;!the!president!can!call!special!sessions!of!Congress!2. The!president!nominates!federal!judges,!the!president!can!refuse!to!enforce!the!Court’s!decision,!and!the!president!grants!pardons!!B. The!Judiciary!!1. The!Supreme!Court!can!declare!congressional!law!unconstitutional!2. The!Supreme!Court!can!declare!presidential!actions!unconstitutional!C. The!Congress!1. Congress!makes!legislation!and!can!override!a!presidential!veto!its!legislation;!congress!can!impeach!and!remove!a!president,!the!Senate!must!confirm!presidential!appointments!and!consent!to!the!presidents!treaties!based!on!a!two!! !–!thirds!concurrence;!Congress!has!the!power!of!the!purse!and!provides!funds!for!the!presidents!programs.!2. Congress!can!rewrite!legislation!to!circumvent!the!Court’s!decisions;!the!Senate!confirms!federal!judges;!Congress!determines!the!number!of!judges!VI. Other!Important!Items!A. Public!Debt!1. Article!VI!debt!transfer!!!!!B. Supremacy!Clause!1. National!law!is!the!supreme!law!of!the!land!C. Commerce!Clause!1. Regulate!international/!interstate!commerce!!D. Expressed!Powers!1. Granted!only!enumerated!powers!E. Necessary!and!Proper!Clause!(elastic!clause)!1. Gave!Congress!the!ability!to!expand!their!powers!VII. Right!Reserved!to!the!People!A. Article!I!1. Habeas!Corpus!!2. Bill!of!attainder!3. Ex!post!Facto!B. Article!III!1. Jury!trials!C. Article!IV!1. Privileges!and!Immunities!VIII. State!and!Local!Powers!A. The!Constitution!as!a!Federal!System!1. The!Constitution!strengthened!national!authority!but!the!state!and!local!authority!remained!integral!components!2. Governing!powers!are!divided!among!national,!state,!and!local!authorities!3. The!balance!between!these!actors!has!fluctuated!over!time!(Era!of!Duel!Citizenship,!Era!of!Cooperative!Federalism,!New!federalism!and!Devolution)!IX. The!Bill!Of!Rights!A. An!afterthought!within!the!process!! !1. Freedom!of!Religion,!speech,!and!press!2. Right!to!bear!arms!3. Quartering!of!troops!4. Unreasonable!search!and!seizure!5. Grand!Jury,!double!jeopardy,!self!incrimination,!and!due!process!6. Speedy!public!trial,!right!to!counsel!and!cross!7. Jury!trials!in!civil!proceedings!8. Excessive!bail!and!cruel!and!unusual!punishment!9. Unlisted!rights!not!denied!10.
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