POLS 1113 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Chapter: 1 – 7Lecture 1 (January 15)• What is Politics?- It is the process determining who get what, when, and how.• Five Principles of Politics- Individual behavior is a goal or preference driven- Politics is about collective action problems- Institutions routinely help solve collection action problems- Political outcomes are the products of individual preferences and institutionalprocedures.- Political outcomes are path dependent• Tacit Consent – Those that enjoy property consent to the authority that safeguards that propertyLecture 2 (January 20)• The Principles of Politics• Collective Action Problem, Provision of public goods, Distribution of private goods• Political Outcomes- Distribute goods and services, Path dependent outcomes• Individual with a Goal Hierarchy – Safety, Food, Leisure• Collective Action Problem- Primary Goals of a Social Contract Maintain Order, Establish a coercive force in society to enforce public order and resolve disputes- Maintain a Revenue Generating System- Governments expend resources that must come from the society at large, so they must have a revenue-generating element.- Maintain an Economic System- Legitimate governments depend upon tacit consent so the general welfare of the people is important to it survival, A functioning economic system is crucial to maintain order• Articles of Confederation- The Structure of the Articles- Unicameral Congress- Each state would send a delegation of 2 to 7 representatives, They would vote as a block, Committee of the States, 1 delegate from each state to sit during recess of Congress, President of The Congress Would be elected from among the delegates- Treasury - A common treasury to support a military, Funded by the states, No common currency, No independent power of taxation• Shay’s Rebellion- Shays’ Rebellion took place in Massachusetts, August 1886 – February 1787- Economic crisis- Farmers being thrown in jail for bankruptcy- Petitioned the state with Paper currency, Lower taxes, and judicial reform- Poignant example of the lack of national authority• The Constitutional Convention-Philadelphia Convention- May 1787 in Philadelphia a. Following the Annapolis Convention, delegates met to strengthen the Articles Of Confederation- Key Players: James Madison (Federalist Papers/ Virginia Plan), Thomas Jefferson (In Paris), Governor Morris, James Wilson, William Patterson (NJ Plan), George Mason, Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton- Resulted in writing a completely new documentLecture 3 (January 22)• The Virginia Plan: National Authority- Bicameral Legislature; Lower house elected by the people, Upper house electedby the lower class, Power to negate state laws- Executive; Elected by the Legislature, Established executive enforcement power- Judiciary; Established a Supreme Tribunal, Life tenure for judges, Council ofRevision, Comprised of the Executive and Judiciary, Would review legislation before it was enacted• The New Jersey Plan: States Right- Unicameral Legislature; Each state having one vote, Added the powers of taxation and regulation of commerce, Included 3/5th provision- Executive; Elected by the Congress, Appointed and military powers, Majority of state governors could petition for removal, Limited to one term- Federal Judiciary; Established a Supreme Tribunal, Judges to have life tenure, Handle impeachment proceedings• The Great Compromise- Article I – Bicameral Legislature; House based upon and elected by state population 3/5th Compromise, 2 Senators elected by state legislatures- Article II – Executive; Electoral college- Article III – Judiciary, Established a Supreme Court, Life tenure- Distribution of Powers- Executive; Enforces law, Commander in chief, Veto authority, Treaties,Appointment powers, Pardon- Legislative; Passes laws, Budget authority, Approves treaties, Regulate commerce, Established courts- Judicial; Constitutionality of Laws, Decides real cases and controversies, Decidesinter- state disputes• Check and Balances- The President proposes laws and can veto congressional legislation, makes treaties, executive agreements, and executive orders; can refuse and has refused to enforce congressional legislation; can call special sessions of Congress, nominates federal judges, can refuse to enforce the Court’s decision, and the president grants pardons- The Judiciary; The Supreme Court can declare congressional law unconstitutional, They can declare presidential actions unconstitutional- The Congress; makes legislation and can override a presidential veto its legislation; can impeach and remove a president, the Senate must confirm presidential appointments and consent to the presidents treaties based on a two– thirds concurrence; has the power of the purse and provides funds for the presidents programs, can rewrite legislation to circumvent the Court’s decisions; confirms federal judges; Congress determines the number of judges• Bill of rights- Freedom of religion, speech, and press; right to bear arms; quartering of troops;unreasonable search and seizure; granny jury double jeopardy; speedy public trial; jury trials in civil proceedings; excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment; unlisted rights not denied; powers not delegated reserved for the states and citizensLecture 4 (January 27)• Preferences- We trade liberty for security- Society vs. insecurity- Liberals – favorable to progress or reform as in political or religious affairs- Conservatives – hold traditional views and values cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion• Collapsing Ideology- Rational Opportunity – One cant get better without the other getting worse• Civil liberties agenda- Markets are really efficient but because we mess with them markets are less efficient- Markets are good if everyone is on the same playing ground- Want security with respect to economic regulation more from liberal stance- Social liberty and economic security- Conservative agenda; People should provide for their own healthcare, Want free markets to maintain law and order- Economic liberty and social securityLecture 5 (January 29)• Party identification- parties package policy positions to gain working majorities• Single issues- some voters choose on the basis of a specific issue like abortion or guns• Factors- Retrospective Voting- Prospective VotingLecture 6 (February 3)• Factions- any group