Psych 2510: Abnormal Psychology – Trull Exam 4: Chapters 14 and 15 Study GuideChapter 14: Cognitive Disorders- Develop an understanding of the major features and epidemiology of the cognitive disorders.- Understand the major risk factors associated with cognitive disorders, including neurobiological factors and diet.- Be exposed to different methods of preventing cognitive disorders in adults.- Recognize different assessment methods pertinent to cognitive disorders.- Understand major biological and psychological approaches to treating cognitive disorders as well as long-term outcome.1Psych 2510: Abnormal Psychology – Trull Chapter 14amnestic disorderA cognitive disorder marked by severe impairment in memory due to effects of substance use or a medical condition.amyloid cascade hypothesisA theory that genetic and environmental factors interact to produce substantial brain changes and dementia.atrophy Gradual deterioration or shrinkage of a brain area in people with dementia.cholinesterase inhibitorsA class of drugs to treat people with dementia that help increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain.cognitive disordersMental disorders marked by severe problems in thinking and memory, especially delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder.delirium A cognitive disorder marked by usually temporary and reversible problems in thinking and memory.dementia A cognitive disorder marked by usually chronic, progressive, and irreversible problems in thinking and memory.dementia due to Parkinson’s diseaseA form of dementia commonly associated with severe motor problems and atrophy of the substantia nigra of the brain.dementia due to Pick’s diseaseA form of dementia marked by atrophy to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.dementia of the Alzheimer’s typeAlso known as Alzheimer’s disease, a severe form of dementia marked by aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and executive functioning and memory deficits.free radicals Aggressive substances produced by the body possibly to fight viruses and bacteria but which, in excess, can help lead to dementia.gene therapy Insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat a disorder.Korsakoff’s syndromeA cognitive disorder marked by confusion, memory loss, and coordination problems.Lewy bodies Clusters of alpha-synuclein proteins that accumulate in the brain and can help lead to dementia.memory training A psychological treatment for dementia to enhance a person’s memory by repeatedly practicing skills relying on external cues and mnemonic strategies to jog memory, increasing social interaction, and simplifying a living environment.mental status examinationAn assessment strategy for people with cognitive disorders involving evaluation of appearance, mood, orientation, and odd behaviors, speech, or thoughts.neurofibrillary tanglesTwisted fibers inside nerve cells of the brain that can help lead to dementia.oxidative stress Damage to the brain from extensive exposure to oxygen and related matter.reality orientationA psychological treatment to reduce confusion in people with dementia using constant feedback about time, place, person, and recent events.senile or neuritic plaquesClusters of dead nerve cells and accumulations of amyloid proteins in the brain that can help lead to dementia.vascular dementiaA form of dementia caused by a cerebrovascular problem such as a stroke.2Psych 2510: Abnormal Psychology – Trull Chapter 15: Consumer Guide to Abnormal Psychology- Develop an understanding of different mental health professionals, how to become a mental health professional, and issues surrounding becoming a client.- Understand the major ingredients of treatment that make it effective, including active treatment ingredients and process variables.- Be exposed to different methods of treatment at the community level.- Recognize limitations and important caveats about treatment.- Understand major ethical issues associated with clinical processes such as assessment and treatment.3Psych 2510: Abnormal Psychology – Trull Chapter 15aftercare services Community-based services for people with severe mental disorders to ease the transition between hospital settings and independent living.catharsis A nonspecific factor in treatment that refers to venting emotions and release of tension in a client.civil commitment Involuntary hospitalization of people at serious risk for harming themselves or others or who cannot care for themselves.clinical psychologistsMental health professionals with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. who promote behavioral change usually via psychologicalinterventions.community psychologyA branch of psychology that focuses on enhancing quality of life for people and concentrating on their relationships with different social structures.competency to stand trialWhether a person can participate meaningfully in his own defense and can understand and appreciate the legal process that is involved.confidentiality The idea that discussions between a therapist and a client should not be divulged to other people unless consent is given.counseling psychologistsMental health professionals with an M.A. or Ph.D. who help clients make choices to improve quality of life.criminal commitmentInvoluntary hospitalization of people charged with a crime, either for determination of competency to stand trial or after acquittal by reason of insanity.dual relationshipsA client who is also a significant other in the therapist’s life; ethics standards dictate that this practice is to be avoided.educational psychologistsPsychologists typically with a Ph.D. who work in school settings or academia to study and improve learning strategies for youth and adults.forensic psychologyA branch of psychology involving the interaction of psychological and legal principles.informed consentThe practice of educating potential clients about the therapy process, especially variables that might influence their decision to seek therapy.insanity A legal term that refers to mental incapacity at the time of the crime, perhaps because a person did not understand right from wrong or because she was unable to control personal actions at the time of the crime.insight (1) An active treatment ingredient whereby a client comes to understand reasons for his maladaptive behavior and how to address it. (2) Understanding the unconscious determinants of irrational feelings, thoughts, or behaviors that create problems or distress.least restrictive treatmentA principle according to which