Abnormal Psych 2510 – Trull Chapter 10: Personality DisordersPersonality Disorder- Long lasting, pervasive, inflexible patterns of behavior and inner experience- Patterns present in at least 2 areaso Cognition Thoughts of harming others or self Thoughts of suicide o Emotions Spikes in extreme negative emotions  Lack emotions expressiono Relationships Over dependent Avoiding relationships o Impulse control Lack impulse control Getting in fights, don’t think before speaking Substance abuse - Often comorbid with other psychological disorderso More severe symptoms and poorer outcome when comorbid Importance of Personality Disorders- Prevalenceo 36% of patients o 8 – 10% of community- Associated with significant impairmento Relationship problems, job problems, substance problems, suicidality, violent death- High comorbidity with other psychological disorders  Worse prognosis Personality Traits vs. Personality Disorder- Five Factor Modelo Common personality traits:  Narcissism  E – extraversion O – Openness to experience- Closed: wil not try new things- Open: try new things  A – agreeable- Getting along with others - Antagonism  C – consciousness - Antisocial, anything goes- Caring about others - Personality traits form a continuumo Individuals with PDs endorse the extremes - Personality disorders involve dysfunctional and inflexible personality traits that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and are shown across many situations.Organization of Personality Disorders- The DSM-IV-TR organizes personality disorders into three main clusters based on similarity of traits.- Personality disorders include traits that are odd or eccentric; dramatic, erratic, or emotional; and anxious or fearful. - 10% of general populationOdd or Eccentric Personality Disorders- Paranoid- Schizoid1Abnormal Psych 2510 – Trull - Schizotypal personality disordersParanoid- General distrust and suspiciousness of otherso Secretiveo Reluctant to confide to others - Expect to be mistreated/exploitedo Vigilant for hints of abuse- Blames others for when things go wrong- Questions loyalty- No hallucinations or full blown delusionso Just mistrust - More common in men than women- Comorbidity high for:o Schizotypal o Avoidanto Paranoid Schizoid Personality Disorder - Avoids close interpersonal relationshipso Few close friends o Aloof and distant- Loner  Likes solitary activities - Rarely report strong emotions- Little interest in sex- Experiences anhedonia - High comorbidity foro Schizotypalo Avoidanto Paranoid Schizotypal personality disorder - Interpersonal difficulties similar to schizoid-Odd beliefs or magical thinkingo Superstitiouso Telepathic- Illusionso Feels the presence of a force or person not actually present- Odd/eccentric behavior or appearanceo Wears strange clotheso Talks to self- Ideas of reference Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders: Epidemiology- Personality disorders  prevalent throughout general population- Odd or eccentric personality disorders  more common in clinical sampleso 2.1 - 3% of general population- Odd or eccentric personality disorders are comorbid with other mental disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders but are not highly linked to gender, race, or ethnicity. Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Borderline Personality Disorder- Impulsive, stormy, intense relationshipso Splitting- Emotional reactivity2Abnormal Psych 2510 – Trull - Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment- Unstable sense of self- Anger control problems- Recurrent suicidal gestures - Non-suicidal injuryo Cutting, burning selfo No intent to kill self - Borderline personality disorder involves impulsivity, unstable affect and interpersonal relationships, and suicidality.Antisocial Personality Disorder- Pervasive disregard for the rights of others since age 15o Lies o Aggressiveo Impulsive Behave irresponsibly for thrills o Breaks the lawo Irresponsible o Lacks remorse- Conduct disorder before 15o Truancy, running away, lying, theft, arson, destruction of property - Focus on internal thoughts and feelingso Poverty of emotion Negative emotions- Lacks shame and anxiety Positive emotions- Useful because they are a means to manipulate others - Antisocial personality disorder involves an extreme disregard for and violation of the rights of others.Psychopathy - Psychopathy involves problematic interpersonal styles such as arrogance, lack of empathy, and manipulativeness Histrionic Personality Disorders- Formerly known as hysterical personality- Overly dramatic and attention seeking behavior- Craves attentiono Loves to be in the spotlight- Emotionally shallow despite strong displays of emotion- Overly concerned with physical attractiveness- May be sexually provocative and seductive- Histrionic personality disorder involves an excessive need for attention, superficial and fleeting emotions, and impulsivity. Narcissistic Personality Disorder- Grandiose view of selfo Preoccupied with fantasies of success- Self-centeredo Demand constant attention and adulation- Lacks empathy- Envious of others- Arrogant3Abnormal Psych 2510 – Trull - Little concern for needs of others - Sensitive to criticism- Seeks high status partners - Narcissistic personality disorder involves grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others. Dramatic Personality Disorders: Epidemiology- The most common dramatic personality disorders are antisocial and borderline personality disorders, but all disorders of this group involve substantial distress and/or impairment- 5.5% of general population- Antisocial and narcissistic more common among men; histrionic more common among women- High rates of comorbidity with mood, anxiety, and substance use disordersAnxious/Fearful Personality Disorders- Anxious/fearful personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.Avoidant Personality Disorder- Avoids interpersonal situationso Fears criticism or rejection- Hesitant about involvement with others o Wants to certain of acceptance- Restrain and inhibited on onterpersonal sitiuationso Fears ridiculeo Feelings of inadequacy- Avoids taking risks or trying new activities o Doesn’t want to risk embarrassment- High comorbidity with major depression and generalized paranoia - Avoidant personality disorder involves a pervasive pattern of anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, and social hypersensitivity. Dependent Personality Disorder- Lack of