Exam 2 Study Guide – Trull (Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) Chapter 5: Anxiety Disorders Chapter 5: Learning Objectives- Develop an understanding of the major features and epidemiology of the anxiety disorders.- Understand the major risk factors associated with anxiety disorders, including genetics and other biological factors as well as cognitive and learning experiences.- Be exposed to different methods of preventing anxiety disorder in children and adults.- Recognize different assessment methods pertinent to anxiety disorders.- Understand major biological and psychological approaches to treating anxiety disorders as well as long-term outcome.More:- Compare and contrast these anxiety disorders: Panic disorder; social phobia, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, PTSD- Panic attack vs panic disorder- Cued vs un-cued panic attack- Types of specific phobias (5)- Common types of obsessions- Common types of compulsions- Age, sex, and demographic features of anxiety disorders- Biological causes of anxiety disorders: brain pathways, neurotransmitter systems- Cognitive and personality risk factors- Major forms of treatment of anxiety disorders1Exam 2 Study Guide – Trull (Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) Chapter 5acute stress disorderA mental disorder marked by anxiety and dissociative symptoms following a traumatic experience; the disorder lasts 2 days to 4 months and may progress to posttraumatic stress disorder.agoraphobia A mental disorder marked by avoidance of places where one might have an embarrassing or intense panic attack.anxiety An emotional state that occurs as a threatening event draws close and is marked by aversive physical feelings, troublesome thoughts, and avoidance and other maladaptive behaviors.anxiety disorder A mental disorder involving overwhelming worry, anxiety, or fear that interferes with a person’s daily functioning.anxiety sensitivityA risk factor for anxiety disorders involving fear of the potential dangerousness of one’s physical symptoms.behavioral avoidance testAn assessment technique for anxiety disorders that measures how close one can approach a feared object or situation.behavioral inhibitionA risk factor for anxiety disorders involving withdrawal from things that are unfamiliar or new.breathing retrainingA treatment technique for physical anxiety symptoms that involves inhaling slowly and deeply through the nose and exhaling slowly though the mouth.catastrophizing A cognitive distortion involving the assumption that terrible but incorrect consequences will result from an event.cognitive distortionsIrrational, inaccurate thoughts that people have about environmental events.cognitive therapyA treatment technique for cognitive symptoms of anxiety that involves helping a person think more realistically and develop a sense of control over anxious situations.compulsions Ongoing and bizarre ritualistic acts performed after an obsession to reduce arousal. These may involve checking, hand washing, ordering, counting, repeating words or phrases, or seeking reassurance from others.emotional processingA person’s ability to think about a past anxiety-provoking event without significant anxiety.emotional reasoningA cognitive distortion involving the assumption that one’s physical feelings reflect how things really are.exposure-based practicesTreatment techniques for behavioral symptoms of anxiety that involve reintroducing a person to situations she commonly avoids.fear An immediate and negative reaction to imminent threat that involves fright, increased arousal, and an overwhelming urge to escape.flooding An exposure-based therapy technique involving exposure to, and eventual extinction of, one’s most intense fear.generalized anxiety disorderA mental disorder marked by constant worry about nondangerous situations and physical symptoms of tension.informed consentThe practice of educating potential clients about the therapy process, especially variables that might influence their decision to seek therapy.interoceptive A treatment technique involving exposure to, and eventual control of, physical symptoms of anxiety.2Exam 2 Study Guide – Trull (Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) exposuremindfulness A therapy technique for anxiety disorders that emphasizes how a person can accept symptoms but still function in a given situation.obsessions Ongoing and bizarre ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that a person cannot control. These may involve doubt, need for order, contamination, aggression, and sexual imagery.obsessive-compulsive disorderA mental disorder marked by ongoing obsessions and compulsions lasting more than 1 hour per day.panic attack A brief episode of intense fear and physical symptoms that increases and decreases suddenly in intensity. These symptoms are often accompanied by worry about their dangerousness and negative consequences.panic disorder A mental disorder marked by ongoing and uncued panic attacks, worry about the consequences of these attacks, and, sometimes, agoraphobia.posttraumatic stress disorderA mental disorder marked by a traumatic event and the reexperiencing of the event through unwanted memories, nightmares, flashbacks, and images. This disorder also involves worry and physical symptoms of anxiety.psychoeducation A treatment technique that involves educating a person about the physical, cognitive, and behavioral components of anxiety and how these components occur in sequence for that person.relaxation trainingA treatment technique for physical anxiety symptoms that may involve having a person tense and release (relax) different muscle groups.response (or ritual) preventionA treatment technique for obsessive-compulsive disorder involving exposure to an obsession such as thoughts of dirty hands without engaging in a related compulsion such as hand washing.school refusal behaviorA child-motivated refusal to attend school and/or difficulties remaining in classes for an entire day.separation anxiety disorderA childhood mental disorder marked by extreme and developmentally inappropriate distress when separation from home or close family members occurs or is anticipated.social phobia/social anxiety disorderA mental disorder marked by panic attacks in, and avoidance of, situations involving performance before others or possible negative evaluation.somatic control exercisesTreatment techniques to help people with anxiety disorders decrease severity of their aversive physical feelings.specific phobia A mental