Nations and nationalismMaking nations: Revolutionary period vs. post 1850Referring to women in terms of domesticity, keeping them out of politics.Taking the private sphere and putting it into the public sphere, making it a public space.1860Gutsepi Matzini- explained to people why they were Italian and what it meant to be Italian.Nation makes you human. Outside nation you are not human.As memebers of nation you have the possibility of wealth.You have an angel, which is woman.Angel woman is not for private enjoyment. 1st maternal kiss, teaches child love. First civil association. First entrance into the state.Victory of liberal stateNation-state- you have the same language and religion. Power is located in the people. Best form of government.Need to justify excluding certain group of peopleWomen are being included as producers.Women and children are seen as important members of the nation state.Using nationalism- connecting people to the nation in a gender and class way.Making CitizensWhat is a citizen?What are the qualifications of a citizen?During this time period you start to see the representation of the nation as women.Motivation for men to protect it.Women are not connected to the nation state by military, paying taxes.Transform nation into a family. Using it as an allegory for the nation.Taught how to serve nation in schools through school booksYoung boys served in the military, learning how to get their life for MaryanneIn other schools, they would learn to pay taxes.In women schools, not learn of history but learn about Maryanne and learn of sons raised by womenLearn to raise great sons.Men are told when they are 18 they are to protect their country.Britain was last to have compulsory education because of deep liberal stateFrance was the first in 1833 and it was only for boysWanted to first educate boys1877-78 women education was not left up to parents, but now it is left up to the state1880’s every child had to go to elementary school.ItalyOnce form marriage they need to form schools.Needed to learn Italian.Fragmented by language. Did not have an official one.Curriculum of schools.Mothering of soldiers.Textbooks start with warningIf you don’t run family well, entire nation will crumble.Boys are taught that they cannot rebelMust pay taxes as well.Educate the working class but not too muchCannot let them see how much they are really being oppressedTrying to make the child understand the world it lives in. love it in all it’s defects. Understand the duty and rights. Ready to fulfill his role on earth.Secondary and High SchoolsMore restrictedExams to get into secondary schools. Exams to get into college.The people that came from universities were the elitesUntil the GI Bill.Schools were limited to the upper class.Girls’ curriculum differentIn elementary school they learned to be good housewivesLearn how to cook, hygiene, taking care of children, how to use water, how to make soap.Very important for young girls to learn the mother tongueMother taught the language and if they didn’t’ teach it you would have a mixed language nation.If men didn’t know the language they couldn’t understand the orders.Mothers connection to the nation state was as mothers.In 1873 capitalism increases the need of the state to move into the private sphere.Need to increase control over consumption and reproduction1873 Recession (increase labor)can lower wageskeep wages or increase production.Lay off peopleIncrease number of products being soldControl cost of resources.Control Production: Consolidation of Markets and capital.Britain said no one could trade with you if they don’t trade through Britain. We will control prices and we will sell it. We will control what gets sold back to other country. All profits go back to Britain.Rationalization of LaborDoing the lower wages thingImperial ExpansionConsumer MarketsGet more people to eat more chocolate, drink more tea.Department stores had wonderful bathrooms, shows. Get women to buy more things.Birth rates were falling.Prior to 1945, the atomic weapon was the population.Population equals power.After 1945, the size of the weapons equals powers.There used to be 6 children per family now it was 2-3Reasons for decline:Women weren’t getting married.Middle class were to blameMiddle class women were selfishly refusing to have children.Those who didn’t have children were unpatriotic.It was true. Women were choosing not to have children. TheThe recession contributed to this.Women started to have miscarriagesSome were self inducedWomen on their third or fourth child suffered complications due to self abortions.Lead poisonings were very commonContraceptionsPull out method and rubber specific for catching sperm.Men are having difficulties because they are losing their power.Children belonged to the state.Expansion brought in non-white Europeans.Discovered that the men were unfit to serve the nationBlamed on the mother.Citizen mother took on role as wife mother.Raising children is a political concern. The mother act.Trying to create a relationship between mother and nation state.The Making of the Public Mother 10/28/2014Nations and nationalism-Making nations: Revolutionary period vs. post 1850Referring to women in terms of domesticity, keeping them out of politics. Taking the private sphere and putting it into the public sphere, making it a public space. 1860Gutsepi Matzini- explained to people why they were Italian and what it meant to be Italian. Nation makes you human. Outside nation you are not human. As memebers of nation you have the possibility of wealth. You have an angel, which is woman. Angel woman is not for private enjoyment. 1st maternal kiss, teaches child love. First civil association. First entrance into the state. Victory of liberal stateNations and Nationalism 10/28/2014Nation-state- you have the same language and religion. Power is located in the people. Best form of government.Need to justify excluding certain group of people-Women are being included as producers.-Women and children are seen as important members of the nation state. -Using nationalism- connecting people to the nation in a gender and class way. Making Citizens-What is a citizen?-What are the qualifications of a citizen? -During this time period you start to see the representation of the nation as women. oMotivation for men to protect it. -Women are not connected to the nation state by military, paying taxes. -Transform