KIN 464 Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 8 11 Lectures 8 9 Motivation Motivation the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction Maslow s Need Hierarchy Theory a satisfied need is no longer a motivator When a need is satisfied at once other and higher needs emerge and become motivating factors o Physiological and Survival Needs Hunger thirst sleep etc o Safety and Security Needs Safe work environment economic security etc o Love social Needs The need for affiliation and a sense of belonging o Ego and Esteem Needs Being accepted and recognized by others o Self actualization Realizing one s full potential o Herzberg s Motivation Maintenance Theory all work related factors can be grouped into one of two categories Motivation factors job satisfiers and Maintenance factorshygiene factors or job dissatisfiers o Theory X autocratic o People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it if he can Because of this most people must be coerced controlled or threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort Theory Y Participative leads to job enlargement and enrichment o Work is a source of satisfaction People who are committed will be self motivated and self directed The Hawthorne Studies o Employees performance was affected by something other than working conditions primarily by social and psychological factors introduced into the work place o Represent the beginning of the Human Relations Movement in management Acquired Needs Theory o Needs are acquired over time and shaped by one s life experiences Process Theories of Motivation Concentrate on rewards that individuals will possibly receive if they behave or work in a certain way o Punishment Reward is the most widely used theory provides reward for good performance or behavior and punishment for bad o Traditional Theory the Scientific Management Approach based on money s being a motivating factor when directly related to individual employee performance Differential Piece Rate Incentive Reinforcement Theory the consequences of past action influence future actions o This is the premise behind One Minute Praising and One Minute Reprimanding Preference Expectancy Theory employee motivation relates to preference and expectancy on the job o Preference is what a person wishes to have happen on the job o Expectancy is the subjective probability of what will happen if certain behavior patterns are followed Equity Theory Fairness is based on people s perceptions of their job inputs and outcomes regardless of how realistic such perceptions are Morale Also called esprit de corps the state of mind of an individual or group in regard to confidence cheerfulness and discipline o Morale Performance There is a tendency for the two to correlate directly but with many exceptions There is a belief among managers that high productivity results from high morale High morale is correlated with decreases in Absences Tardiness Accidents Job Satisfaction the state of mind of an individual about his or her work environment Job Rotation Involves employees being moved from one job to another periodically to reduce boredom and to increase skills and experience Job Enlargement Is the expansion of jobs to give the employee a greater variety of tasks to perform with added responsibility Job Enrichment Is the process of designing jobs to include motivators which can lead to more job satisfaction Flextime Worker creates schedule within reason Four day Work Weeks Employee works four ten hour days instead of five eight hour days Casual Friday implemented in organizations where the employees are required to dress smartly every day Employees are allowed to wear whatever they like on Fridays Factors that tend to promote Motivation o Employees are allowed some autonomy or independence of action o There is opportunity for personal growth o There is opportunity for promotion o Compensation monetary and psychological is fair as it relates to employee performance o Jobs are secure steady employment and benefits o Good working conditions and necessary resources exist Factors that Promote Motivation o o o o The employee s skills match the requirements of the job Open communication between manager and employee The work is challenging and stimulating Participation is encouraged in problem solving and decision making Lecture 10 One Minute Manager Three Secrets i One Minute Goal Setting 1 Agree on your goals 2 See what good behavior looks like 3 Write out each of your goals on a single piece of paper using 250 words or less 4 Read and re read each goal which requires only one minute each time you do it 5 Take a minute every once in a while out of your day to look at your performance 6 See whether your behavior matches your goal ii One Minute Praising 1 Tell people up front that you are going to let them know how they are doing 2 Praise people immediately 3 Tell people what they did right be specific 4 Tell people how good you feel about what they did right and how it helps the organization and the people around them 5 Stop for a moment of silence to let them feel how good you feel 6 Encourage them to do more of the same 7 Shake hands or touch people in a way that makes it clear that you support their success in the organization iii One Minute Reprimand 1 Tell people up front that you are going to let them know how they are doing and in no uncertain terms 2 Reprimand people immediately 3 Tell people what they did wrong be specific 4 Tell people how you feel about what they did wrong and in no uncertain terms 5 Stop for a moment of uncomfortable silence to let them feel how you feel 6 Shake hands or touch people in a way that makes it clear that you are on their side 7 Remind them how much you value them 8 Reaffirm that you think well of them but not of their performance in this situation 9 Realize that when the reprimand is over it is over Quotes to know iv People who feel good about themselves produce good results v Help people reach their full potential catch them doing something good vi The best minute I spend is the one I invest in people vii Everyone is a potential winner Some people are disguised as losers don t let their appearances fool you viii Take a minute look at your goals look at your performance see if it matches your goals ix We are not just our behavior We are the person managing our behavior x Goals Begin Behaviors consequences maintain behaviors Lecture 11 Leadership Leadership process of inspiring or influencing members of a group