KIN 464 1st Edition Lecture 8 (part 1) Outline of Current Lecture I. Understanding Motivation II. MotivationIII. Content Theories of MotivationCurrent LectureIV. Understanding Motivationa. Comes from the Latin word movere - means move.b. Pertains to what activates human behavior.c. Originates from physiological and psychological needs.d. A need:i. Something that gives a person a feeling of deprivation when it is missing.ii. If a need is not being met, the individual becomes motivated to satisfy theneed.V. Motivationa. Definition: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction.b. Goal: to cause people to put forth their best efforts with enthusiasm and effectiveness, in order to achieve and hopefully surpass organizational objectivesc. Victor Vroom:i. A manager’s basic job is to facilitate highly motivated people to perform at near peak capacity. ii. For this to happen two conditions need to be met:1. People must have the ability to do the work.2. The work environment must be satisfactory (relationships, support, equipment, facilities).VI. Content Theories of Motivationa. Focus on the needs within individuals that cause them to act in certain ways.b. Maslow: Need Hierarchy Theoryi. Consists of five levels of need that must be satisfied. ii. The thrust of Maslow’s theory is that a satisfied need is no longer a motivator.iii. When a need is satisfied, at once other and higher needs emerge and become motivating factors.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Physiological and Survival Needsa. Hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.2. Safety and Security Needsa. Safe work environment, economic security, etc.3. Love (social) Needsa. The need for affiliation and a sense of belonging.4. Ego and Esteem Needsa. Being accepted and recognized by others.5. Self-actualizationa. Realizing one’s full potential.c. Herzberg: Motivation-Maintenance Theoryi. States that all work-related factors can be grouped into one of two categories:1. Motivation factors – job satisfiers a. Achievementb. Recognitionc. The work itselfd. Opportunity for growth and advancement2. Maintenance factors - hygiene factors or job dissatisfiers. 3. Associated with work environment:a. Salaryb. Job securityc. Working conditionsd. Supervisione. They do not promote motivation, but they can prevent it from occurring.f.d. Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Yi. Identifies two styles of managing based on the manager’s view of human nature.ii. Theory X is an autocratic style. 1. People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it if he can.2. Because of this, most people must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.3. People prefer to be directed.4. People avoid responsibility.5. People have relatively little ambition.6. Above all people want security.iii. Theory Y is a positive (participative) style.1. Work is a source of satisfaction.2. Punishment is only one way to induce people to work, and is not usually the best way. 3. People who are committed will be self-motivated and self-directed.4. A person’s commitment to objectives depends on the rewards he or she expects to receive when goals are achieved.5. Under the right conditions, people will both accept and seek responsibility.6. The abilities to think creatively, to innovate, and to solve problemsis widely, not narrowly, distributed among people.7. The intellectual abilities of most people are