Stress, Health, & CopingStress and HealthStressStressful Life Events eventsCatastrophes stress disorderLife .Life .Life ChangesChronic StressorsDaily Hassles / FrustrationsConflict“Mary’s” StoryMary’s StressorsStress ResponsesPhysiological Stress ResponsePhysiological Effects of Stress General Adaptation SyndromePhase 1: Alarm .Slide Number 20Phase 2: . Time to fight the challengePhase 3: . Stress ResponseChronic stress Appraisal Cognitive of stressCognitive AppraisalCatastrophic Thinking Stress ResponseStress and Health Stress and . Personality & Heart Disease Two Personality TypesSlide Number 31Stress and Health The Physiological Effects of Stress Personality & Coronary Heart Disease Stress and Health The Physiological Effects of Stress Pathways From to CHD and Heart DiseaseStress and Health The SystemStress and Health The Immune System Immune System ComponentsStress and Health The Immune System Pathways From Stress to IllnessStress and Health: The Immune System Duration and IllnessStress: Coping StrategiesInappropriate CopingStress: Coping Strategies Relaxation and the HeartCoping With Stress The “Self-Healing Personality”Coping With Stress The “Self-Healing Personality” and the Risk of DeathCoping With Stress SupportCoping with .Coping and Stress ManagementSTRESS, HEALTH, & COPINGChapter 12STRESS AND HEALTHÂ PsychologyThe study of the links between ps y chological factors and physical health and .Stress• What is stress?– Pattern of responses to something that blocks our assess to a goal (stressor)• Stressors range from to people who talk too slowly• Stress is normal and natural– Without the experience of stress we wouldn’t work so hard to get things .Learning Objective 1Stressful Life Events• Life events, positive or negative, to which you believ e you must adjust•events• Life changes –having to adapt– Social Rating Scale– Life Change Units• Chronic stressor s• Daily hassles / Frustrations• Conflict • Pressure to or conform eventsCatastrophes• Up to % of adults in U.S. have experienced at least one major (extreme stressor) in their lives… – Examples:• serious accident/natural disaster• rape or criminal assault• combat exposure • child sexual or physical abuse and/or severe neglect • hostage/imprisonment/ torture• sudden unexpected of a loved oneLearning Objective 1, 2stress disorder• Psychological disorder occurring in a minority of people who experience a event– Rape, war, concentration camp• Not normal .– Flashbacks– Intense distress– Otherwise low levels of emotionLife .• How many of you have moved in the last year?•, illness in the family Life .Life Changes• Include any alteration in one’s living circumstance that require .• The Social Rating Scale (SRRS) includes both positive and negative and large and small even ts• People with higher scores on the SRRS tend to be more to physical illnessChronic StressorsDaily Hassles / FrustrationsConflict• Two or more motivations or impulses compete• .– Can only chose one of the two • .– Don’t want to do either• .– Chose a goal that has positive and negative aspects “Mar y’s” Stor y• Mary achieved one of the first scholarships given to a woman to play on a university water polo team. She moved across the country to begin her studies at a prestigious school. Once there, she took on a large load of challenging pre‐med courses (18 hours). It is the middle of the semester. For weeks she has complained of being ex tremely “stressed out.” She was considering leaving as she doesn’t get along with one of the assistant coaches, but she likes the academic possibilities here. In addition, she was given no parking permit and has to drive around for about a half an hour each morning searching for a place to park. Last week she went to the counseling center in crisis after a violent date rape. Now she is considering dropping out of school.Mar y’s Stressors• Catastrophic events –.• Conflict –doesn’t get along with coach; considering leaving• Life –moving, starting college, new athletic team• Chronic st ressors –heavy academic work load• Daily hassles/frustration –problemsStress Responses• response• Physical response• Emotional response•appraisal PhysiologicalStress Response– Heart rate increases; blood pressure rises; breathing deeper and slower; digestion stops; secretion of adrenaline• Stress can provoke –which impairs performance•stress raises risk of illness activate the autonomic nervous systemPhysiological Effects of StressGeneral Adaptation SyndromeLearning Objective 2Phase 1: Alarm .• Alarm caused by a sudden activation of your sympathetic nervous system • Mobilizes energy in stressful situations– So, your body recognizes danger and mobilizes for a "fight‐or‐flight" situation…• System is activated but since you are in temporary shock –your resistance drops below normal – usually minor and short‐term• May show various symptoms of ‐‐headaches, fever, fatigue, sore muscles, shortness of breath, diarrhea, upset stomach, etc.Learning Objective 3Phase 2: .Time to fight the challenge• Your body responds to the challenge with an outpouring of stress hormones causing your temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration all remain high• Everything is in full force to help you cope with the stressors• As body defenses stabilize, the sy mptoms of alarm seem to disappear• The adjustment to stress and the outward appearance of normality are maintained at high cost…– During this stag e, the body is more able to cope with the original stress– However, its to any other stress is loweredPhase 3: .• During this phase, the individual reservoir of resources is becoming .– The person is especially vulnerable to diseases and in extreme cases collapse and death (immune system is being challenged by the long‐term stress)• Example: