TherapiesSlide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Direct-Care Jobs for a Degree“Helping Professions” for a BA in PsychologySlide Number 9TherapiesSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Behavioral TherapiesSlide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Therapy SummaryTherapies• http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=‐7995594856034801295&q=mental+illness%2C+health&ei=nYdlSJjYMo_UqAL2q_XCAwFigure 14.2 Psychological disorders and professional treatmentClients: Who Seeks Therapy?• % of U.S. population in a given year• Full range of problems• Women more than men• Medical insurance•levelWhere People Turn for Help Professionals Involved in Therapy• Psyc hologists: Ph.D. in psychology, conducts testing, diagnosis, treatment, and research• Counseling Psychologists: Ph.D. in counseling, help people with marital, family, and minor adjustment problems•: M.D., does a residency in psychiatry and can prescribe medications• Applied Behavior Analysts: Ph.D. or Master’s in psychology, behavioral therapies (e.g., phobias, disorders characterized by ex ternalizing symptoms) •Social Workers: Master’s degree in social work with special training in counseling; Largest group of mental health service providersDirect‐Care Jobs for a Degree“Helping Professions” for a BA in Psychology• Affirmative Action•Affairs • Community Centers•Educator• Child Care, Elder Care• Home Land Security & TSA•OfficeCurrent Trends and Issues in Treatment•care•sensitivity (PSYC 493 in Spring) • Deinstitutionalization– Revolving door problem– .Therapies• Therapies– Psychoanalysis– Client‐Centered Therapy (Humanistic)• Carl Roger’s Humanistic Therapy – Group Therapy• Behavior Therapies– Biofeedback, Systematic , Aversion and Social Skills therapy, etc. • Cognitive Therapies– Rational Therapy– Beck’s Cognitive Therapy • Biomedical Therapies Therapieshttp://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html#Video 22: PsychotherapyBottom Line: Does therapy Work?• Based on the results of 475 studies (Smith et al., 1980), the average therapy client shows more improvement than % of those in the contr ol group.The Benefits of TherapyBehavioral Therapiesand the Tension Headache• Sensors on the head detect activity.• System converts signal to visual display.• Patient watches the display, learns to relax forehead .Behavioral Therapies• Systematic .– Treatment for phobia– Anxiety hierarchy– Relaxation training • Therapy•Skills TherapyEvidence for Behavioral & Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapies• Deemed most efficacious for:– disorders– Anger & impulsive violence– Psychological problems associated with health– Childhood behavior problems– prevention• A considerable amount of evidence of positive eff ects for a variety of .Cognitive Therapies• Cognitive Therapy– People are taught to think in more adaptive ways– Rational‐ Behavior Therapy• People are confronted with their irrational, maladaptive beliefs•: “Who says you’ll die?”– Negative eventÆirrational beliefÆemotional consequences– Cognitive Therapy• Uses a gentler, more co llaborative approach to cognitive therapy• “What is the evidence for this idea?”Humanistic Therapies: Client‐Centered Therapy• Carl .– Goal: restructure self‐concept to better correspond to reality– Therapeutic climate• Genuineness• positive regard• Empathy– Therapeutic process• .Figure 14.4 Rogers’s view of the roots of disordersGroup‐Therapy Approaches• Group Therapy– treatment of sev eral clients in group– Each approach to psychotherapy has a form of group therapy, e.g., analysis is used by psychoanalysts.– Saves money but also eff ective• Group members support each other• Many psy chological problems are problems relating to other people• Therapy– Treats the members of a family as an interactive systemEvidence for Therapies• Evidence for improvements with:– Young adults with .– Childhood behavior problems–relationshipsMedical InterventionsDrug Therapies• Psychopharmacology– The study of the effects of drugs on ps y chological processes and disordersBehavioral .• The study of the influence of on behavior• Basic Principles– Drugs have multiple effects– Effects vary in a manner– Repeated administration (taking drugs over time) often has different effects than acute administration (taking drugs occasionally)Types of Drug Treatments I• Drugs– Tranquilizing medications used in the treatment of anxiety– Trade names: Librium, Valium, Xanax, BuSpar– Much better than their predecessors – barbiturates – but dangerous with & can lead to rebound anxiety• Antidepressants– Drugs that relieve depression by increasing the supply of norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine– Trade names: Tofranil, Prozac– Prozac is selective serotonin inhibitor– Positive range of eff ects, makes people more productive, confident etc.Types of Drug Treatments II• Mood Stabilizer– Calms ; may reduce bipolar mood swings– Trade Name: Lithium Carbonate• A drug used to control mania and mood swings in people with bipolar disorder•at higher doses• Antipsychotic Drugs– Drugs used to control the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders– Trade names: Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal– Good on positive symptoms, not negative–side effectsDrug TherapiesAntipsychotic Drugs & Hospitalization TrendsMedical InterventionsPerspectives on Drug Therapies• Drugs have helped numerous people who once lived in institutions.• People may not respond well to ps ychotherapy.• Howe ver, some drugs produce unpleasant or dangerous side effects and may lead to a physical and/or psychological . – Thus, patients become passive in the healing process.• Neither psychotherapy nor drug therapy has been found to be generally more .Therapy