HIST 1000 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1-11Instructions for Exam- Buy a blue book- One essay question will be on the exam. Prompts are listed below- A couple terms will be on the exam. Need to explain the definition + significance.Examples will help to show significance. Essay Questions Given By Professor1. Discuss the economic, political and technical factors that created the basis for European discovery and colonization of the New World. How did this colonization and discovery reflect the development of a more market oriented society among Europeans? How did it reinforce it?- Informationo The Crusades, 1095-1270 Caused a new market/demand when the men went to the middle east Brought back spices and clothes Increased a feudal society, because the small towns are not bound, so they are more freeo The Rise of Trade and a Merchant Class Came because the crusades and merchants knew that if they sold things to the market they could make money o Feudalism and the raise of Market Relations People hired others to make them money, they are connected through the market and further by trade.o Political Economy of Mercantilism Columbus offered to find a much faster way to get to India to trade, hence make more money This was sparked because Ferdinand and Isabella needed money to fight Grenada and push them out of their nation of Spaino Ships Build a ship that is big/safe enough to make a long voyageo Navigational Equipment and Weaponry Compass from the Chinese to navigate without the sun/stars Had crude instruments that could measure speed and longitude Weaponry of sufficient magnitude to scare off anyone who would want to attack them, plus be able to transport them2. Discuss the social and ecological consequences of European discovery and colonization of the New World for both Europeans and Native Americans. What was lost? What was gained?o Information- **Frontiers of Inclusion**o European Aristocrats and Social Hierarchy o European Traders and Social Tolerance- **Frontiers of Exclusion**o European Farmers and Social Intolerance- Save Their Souls: Praying Townso European Puritans thought they should save the Noble savages from theirold religion. Did this by setting up Praying Townso Europeans do not realize that the Native Americans are very hard working. The men hunt, and women farm. So the Europeans think that they are not working.- Land changed as fires burned down forests to create more land for the Europeans- Some animals and plants were harder to find3. In what ways and for what reasons did the society that Puritans established in seventeenth century New England create the groundwork for democracy in America? What case can be made for such a democracy? What case can be made against it?o Information- Decentralization: The Power of Local Politicso The pilgrims are away from political authority (Britain)- One Man, One Vote: The Power of the Freemano Puritans made this new idea.o Every household has a vote (the man)4. How did production for the market serve to structure the social order of the southern colonies? How would you compare this social structure with that of seventeenth century New England? Which society would you chose to live in and why? What difference does you social location make in your choice?o Informationo New England and the Subsistence Economy Distributed the land equally Made living conditions better- Life expectancy was bettero Subsistence Economy and Familial Order: Working to Live These are better conditions for everyone because the land is equally divided.  The family has to work and the land owner won’t ever make them work too hardo The South and the Market Economy Very quickly moved to making a staple crop the entire year Who is going to be willing to work? Virginia Joint Stock Company - Was granted by King James for land, and they did this because they wanted to get money- Mercantilism o The Market Economy and Class Order: Living to Work Very high death rate- 144 English men came over, died of Typhoid because they drank unsafe water Make a lot of money British like the southern colonies much more because they can tax these surpluses and make a fortune 5. The colonization of the New World expanded the economic, cultural and political opportunities of many European men. The same cannot necessarily be said of the European women who came with them, the Native Americans they encountered, the Africans that some of them purchased or the indentured servants some of them acquired. Discuss how the experience of at least two of these groups (European women,Native Americans, Africans or indentured servants) differed from that of colonial free men. What were the economic, cultural and political consequences of European colonization for these people?o Informationo Feme Couvert/Feme Sole “Woman is Covered” the man covers the women. Stream is the woman and the river is the man. The man/river kind of takes over the woman/stream. So woman will lose her identity.o Women as Saints Nothing is more important to the Puritans than becoming a saint.  Women could be a saint Men and women are equal in the church. o Literacy for Women Women learned to read because they were saints.  They needed to be able to read their own bible. Have a internal conscience and morality o Women’s Position in the church Saints Literacy Think by themselves But, they are not able to be in the structure of the church- Cannot speak in church.- Cannot be elders or ministers of the churchTermsColumbus Day- The day that Columbus founded the new world. It is significant because he didn’t truly discovery it. The Native Americans were there far before he discovered it. Noble Savages- A name that the pilgrims gave to the Native Indians. This deals with European value system. See the Native Americans as hard working and so chosen by God.Goodwife- Goodwife was shortened to “goodie”- Considered to be good if the wife births many childreno Margaret WinthropColumbian Exchange- Columbus re-united the New World with the Old World. The New World was cut off fromthe Old World ever since the last Ice Age. We should give Columbus credit for reintegrating the North American continent to the rest of the world.Praying towns- Were set up on the path that Native Americans traveled.- ‘Taught’ the Native Americans how to actually work. They thought