Chem 1320 Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before Europeans arrived? How did Indian and European ideas of freedom differ on the eve of contact?What impelled European explorers to look west across the Atlantic?What happened when the peoples of the Americas came in contact with Europeans?What were the chief features of the Spanish empire in America?What were the chief features of the French and Dutch empires in North America?What were the main contours of English colonization in the seventeenth century?What obstacles did the English settlers in the Chesapeake overcome?How did Virginia and Maryland develop in their early years?What made the English settlement of New England distinctive?What were the main sources of discord in early New England?How did the English Civil War affect the colonies in America?Outline of Current Lecture EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT AND THE NATIVE AMERICANS: III. The Puritans and the Hunter-Gatherer Tribes of New EnglandA. The “Saints” Meet the “Noble Savages”1. Native American Values: Animism and Autonomy2. Native American Values: Predestination and the Work EthicThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. “Reduce Them to Civility:” Failed Puritan Policy on Native Americans1. Save Their Souls: Praying Towns2. Get Them in One Place: European Style Agriculture3. Make the Men into Men and the Women into Women: The PlowC. Trade and “Captive Conversion:” A More Successful Policy?1. The Fur Trade and the Desire for European Goods2. “Captive Conversion” and “White Indians”D. The Final Solution: War and Genocide Terms: Noble Savages, Praying Towns, Plow, White Indians Current LectureTerms:- Noble Savageso A name that the pilgrims gave to the Native Indians. This deals with European value system. See the Native Americans as hard working and so chosen by God.- Praying Townso Were set up on the path that Native Americans traveled.o ‘Taught’ the Native Americans how to actually work. They thought that the men only hunt (which only aristocrats did) that they did not really work.o Ultimately failed- Plowo Tool for farming.o Europeans Men normally farmedo Native Americans Women normally farmed- White Indianso The Europeans that didn’t want to leave the Native Americans were called white Indians because they were European but liked the way they lived more that what they Europeans were living. They ate better and didn’t work as hard.I. The Puritans and the Hunter-Gatherer Tribes of New EnglandA. The “Saints” Meet the “Noble Savages”- Squanto was met by the Europeans and helped the founders of Massachusetts. He could help because he could speak English because fisherman that were patrolling the coasts of the New World captured him and brought him back to England.o When he returned the disease had killed his kin- Europeans were called cloth people, iron people from the Native Americans1. Native American Values: Animism and Autonomy- Animism is a religion that the Holy Spirit is in everything, trees, animals, and the landscape.- Every time that they meet a new “spirit” they treat it with respect hence the Europeans- Native Americans want to reach autonomyo Lead yourself through the world with self-respect.o “Those who want little, are the most free” Opposite of European ideals Whoever has the most will be the most free2. Chariton Values: Predestination and the Work Ethic- Puritans believe in pre-destination and that your path has already been decided.They needed a sign; the sign was hard working, because God would not choose a lazy people.B. “Reduce Them to Civility:” Failed Puritan Policy on Native Americans1. Save Their Souls: Praying Towns- European Puritans thought they should save the Noble savages from their old religion. Did this by setting up Praying Towns- Europeans do not realize that the Native Americans are very hard working. The men hunt, and women farm. So the Europeans think that they are not working.2. Make the Men into Men and the Women into Women: The Plow- In the Praying Towns, when the men started to farm and use the plow the rest ofthe Native Americans thought of them as women because that’s what they normally did.C. Trade and “Captive Conversion:” A More Successful Policy?1. The Fur Trade and the Desire for European Goods- This was another effort. Was not enough for the Puritans, they couldn’t allow the Native Americans to just live there own life. 2. “Captive Conversion” and “White Indians”- Tried to get the Native Americans in debt so the Europeans can control and switch their religions.- Europeans would make a deal with the chiefs of the tribes and say that we will forgive the debt and you will give us your son to go to a school.D. The Final Solution: War and Genocide - Last and most enduring conflicts- 1637 it began. The Europeans and the Native Americans are both taking captives.- When the Europeans became captives they normally didn’t want to return to their own people- Pequot Waro Indians did have guns, Europeans won- King Philip’so Indians did have