Ch. 6-Bleeding and Shock6.1 Bleeding and Its EffectsSlide 3PROGRESS CHECK6.2 Control of BleedingTaking Infection-Control PrecautionsApplying Direct Pressure and ElevationUsing a Pressure BandageUsing Indirect PressureSlide 10Using an Air SplintUsing a TourniquetUsing a Blood Pressure CuffPROGRESS CHECK6.3 Internal Bleeding6.4 NosebleedSlide 17Slide 186.5 ShockSlide 20VocabularyManagement of ShockPreventing ShockPROGRESS CHECK6.6 Anaphylactic ShockManagement of Anaphylactic ShockSlide 2711Ch. 6-Bleeding and ShockCh. 6-Bleeding and Shock226.1 Bleeding and Its Effects6.1 Bleeding and Its EffectsThe severity of bleeding depends onThe severity of bleeding depends onHow fast the blood is flowing from the vesselHow fast the blood is flowing from the vesselThe size of the vesselThe size of the vesselWhether the vessel is a vein or an arteryWhether the vessel is a vein or an arteryWhether the bleeding is internal or externalWhether the bleeding is internal or externalWhere the bleeding originatedWhere the bleeding originatedThe victim’s age and weightThe victim’s age and weightThe victim’s general physical conditionThe victim’s general physical conditionWhether the bleeding is a threat to the Whether the bleeding is a threat to the airway and respirationairway and respiration3344PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK1.1. When bleeding is uncontrolled, the body can’t When bleeding is uncontrolled, the body can’t compensate quickly enough, and ___________ results. compensate quickly enough, and ___________ results. (cardiac arrest/heart failure/shock)(cardiac arrest/heart failure/shock)22. A loss of ____________ pints of blood can be fatal if it . A loss of ____________ pints of blood can be fatal if it occurs over a period of a few hours. occurs over a period of a few hours. (1/2/3)(1/2/3)3. 3. Blood from an artery is ____________ . Blood from an artery is ____________ . (red/bright (red/bright red/ dark red)red/ dark red)4. 4. Blood from a vein is ____________ . Blood from a vein is ____________ . (red/bright (red/bright red/dark red)red/dark red)5. 5. Blood from a capillary is ____________ . Blood from a capillary is ____________ . (red/dark red/ (red/dark red/ medium red)medium red)6. 6. The most difficult bleeding to control comes from The most difficult bleeding to control comes from ____________. ____________. (arteries/veins/capillaries)(arteries/veins/capillaries)556.2 Control of Bleeding6.2 Control of BleedingInitial first aid steps in the bleeding victim:Initial first aid steps in the bleeding victim:1. Stop the bleeding. 1. Stop the bleeding. 2. Determine the cause and source of 2. Determine the cause and source of the bleeding and the general condition the bleeding and the general condition of the victim.of the victim.3. Place the victim in a position in which 3. Place the victim in a position in which he or she will be least affected by the he or she will be least affected by the loss of blood.loss of blood.4. Maintain an open airway. 4. Maintain an open airway.66Taking Infection-Control Taking Infection-Control PrecautionsPrecautionsPlace a barrier between you and the victim’s Place a barrier between you and the victim’s blood blood Avoid touching your mouth, nose, or eyes or Avoid touching your mouth, nose, or eyes or handling food while providing first aid carehandling food while providing first aid careAs soon as you finish treating the victim, As soon as you finish treating the victim, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and wash your hands thoroughly with soap and hot waterhot waterWash all items that have the victim’s blood Wash all items that have the victim’s blood or body fluids on them in hot, soapy wateror body fluids on them in hot, soapy water77Applying Direct Pressure and Applying Direct Pressure and ElevationElevation1.1. Place a sterile dressing over the wound so that it is covered Place a sterile dressing over the wound so that it is covered completely. completely. 2. Press firmly over the dressing with your finger tips directly to 2. Press firmly over the dressing with your finger tips directly to the site of bleeding.the site of bleeding.3. Elevate the bleeding part above heart level 3. Elevate the bleeding part above heart level unless unless you suspect you suspect a fracture, dislocation, impaled object, or spinal injury. a fracture, dislocation, impaled object, or spinal injury. 4. You can use a cold pack over the wound as you apply direct 4. You can use a cold pack over the wound as you apply direct pressure and elevationpressure and elevation5. Check the dressing every few minutes. 5. Check the dressing every few minutes. 6. Never apply direct pressure to a wound if there is an object 6. Never apply direct pressure to a wound if there is an object embedded in the wound or if a bone is protruding from the embedded in the wound or if a bone is protruding from the wound. wound.88Using a Pressure BandageUsing a Pressure Bandage1. Cover the wound completely with a thick 1. Cover the wound completely with a thick dressing; make sure all edges of the wound are dressing; make sure all edges of the wound are covered.covered.2. Holding the dressing in place, wrap the pressure 2. Holding the dressing in place, wrap the pressure bandage around the dressing tightly enough to bandage around the dressing tightly enough to exert moderate pressure.exert moderate pressure.3. Periodically check the distal pulses, and 3. Periodically check the distal pulses, and frequently check for mottled skin or blanched frequently check for mottled skin or blanched nails, signs that the pressure bandage is too nails, signs that the pressure bandage is too tight.tight.99Using Indirect PressureUsing Indirect PressureBrachial ArteryBrachial ArteryFemoral ArteryFemoral Artery10101111Using an Air SplintUsing an Air Splint1. Cover the wound with a thick, sterile dressing.1. Cover the wound with a thick, sterile dressing.2. Slip the splint over the dressing, taking care not to 2. Slip the splint over the dressing, taking care not to shift or remove the dressing.shift or remove the dressing.3. Inflate the splint. Take care not to overinflate— you 3. Inflate the splint. Take care not to overinflate— you should be able to depress the surface of the splint at should be able to depress the surface of the splint at least half an inch with your fingertips.least half an inch with your fingertips.4. Check distal pulses