Chapter 4 Basic Life Support: Artificial Respiration4.1 Respiratory DistressPROGRESS CHECKVictim assessment consists of four steps:Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift ManeuverIf the head-tilt/chin-lift position is unsuccessful or if you suspect spine injuryDetermining BreathlessnessSlide 8Use mouth-to-nose ventilation whenMouth-to-Stoma VentilationVocabularyTo help prevent gastric distention:Slide 13Slide 14Signs of complete airway obstruction areSlide 16Slide 17If the Victim Is Obese or PregnantSlide 19Key Terms11Chapter 4Chapter 4Basic Life Support:Basic Life Support:Artificial RespirationArtificial Respiration224.1 Respiratory Distress 4.1 Respiratory Distress Respiratory distress- Respiratory distress- An abnormal condition An abnormal condition where breathing is labored, noisy, irregular, or where breathing is labored, noisy, irregular, or unusually fast or slow, or a combination of theseunusually fast or slow, or a combination of theseRespiratory arrest-Respiratory arrest-Total cessation of breathing or Total cessation of breathing or respiratory effortrespiratory effort33PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK1. 1. A victim of respiratory distress may have skin A victim of respiratory distress may have skin that isthat iseither pale, flushed, or ____________. either pale, flushed, or ____________. (dry/hot/bluish)(dry/hot/bluish)2. 2. Basic life support describes the procedures Basic life support describes the procedures neededneededto ____________ in an emergency.to ____________ in an emergency.(summon help/sustain life/reverse damage)(summon help/sustain life/reverse damage)3. 3. Brain cells begin to die within ____________ Brain cells begin to die within ____________ minutesminutesafter being deprived of oxygenated blood.after being deprived of oxygenated blood.44Victim assessment consists Victim assessment consists of four steps:of four steps:1. 1. Determining unresponsivenessDetermining unresponsiveness2. 2. Activating the EMS systemActivating the EMS system3. 3. Positioning the victim and opening Positioning the victim and opening the airwaythe airway55Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift ManeuverManeuverIf you do If you do not not suspect cervical spine injury: suspect cervical spine injury: 1.1. Place the tips of the fingers of one hand Place the tips of the fingers of one hand underneath the lower jaw on the bony part near underneath the lower jaw on the bony part near the chin; put your other hand on the victim’s the chin; put your other hand on the victim’s forehead and apply firm, backward pressure.forehead and apply firm, backward pressure.2. Bring the chin forward, supporting the jaw and 2. Bring the chin forward, supporting the jaw and tilting the head backwardtilting the head backward3. Lift the chin so the teeth are nearly brought 3. Lift the chin so the teeth are nearly brought together; use your thumb to keep the mouth together; use your thumb to keep the mouth slightly openslightly open66If the head-tilt/chin-lift position is If the head-tilt/chin-lift position is unsuccessful or unsuccessful or ififyou suspect spine injuryyou suspect spine injury1. Facing the top of the victim’s head, place 1. Facing the top of the victim’s head, place your elbows on the surface on which the your elbows on the surface on which the victim is lying, your hands at the sides of victim is lying, your hands at the sides of the victim’s head.the victim’s head.2. Grasp the jawbone on both sides where it 2. Grasp the jawbone on both sides where it angles up toward the victim’s ears. Move angles up toward the victim’s ears. Move the jaw forward and upward.the jaw forward and upward.3. Retract the lower lip with your thumb if the 3. Retract the lower lip with your thumb if the lips close.lips close.77Determining Determining BreathlessnessBreathlessnessLookLook for the chest to rise and fallfor the chest to rise and fallListenListen for sounds of air movement for sounds of air movement at the mouth and noseat the mouth and noseFeel Feel for the breath against your for the breath against your cheekcheek88PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK1. The crucial first step in basic life support is ____________.1. The crucial first step in basic life support is ____________.(opening the airway/assessing the victim/activating the EMS system)(opening the airway/assessing the victim/activating the EMS system)2. Tap the victim on the shoulder and ask if he or she is okay to 2. Tap the victim on the shoulder and ask if he or she is okay to determine ____________. determine ____________. unresponsiveness/breathlessness/arrest)unresponsiveness/breathlessness/arrest)3. Before you open the airway, the victim should be in a ____________ 3. Before you open the airway, the victim should be in a ____________ position. position. (prone/supine)(prone/supine)4. During the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver, maintain backward pressure 4. During the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver, maintain backward pressure on the victim’s ____________. on the victim’s ____________. (chin/forehead) (chin/forehead) 5. In the jaw-thrust maneuver, you bring the victim’s ____________ 5. In the jaw-thrust maneuver, you bring the victim’s ____________ forward instead of tilting the head forward instead of tilting the head backward. backward. (jaw/head) (jaw/head) 6. To assess for breathlessness, ____________ for the chest to rise and 6. To assess for breathlessness, ____________ for the chest to rise and fall. fall. (feel/look)(feel/look) 7. To assess for breathlessness, ____________ for air escaping during 7. To assess for breathlessness, ____________ for air escaping during exhalation. exhalation. (listen/feel)(listen/feel)8. To assess for breathlessness, ____________ for breath against your 8. To assess for breathlessness, ____________ for breath against your cheek. cheek. (feel/listen)(feel/listen)99Use mouth-to-nose Use mouth-to-nose ventilation whenventilation whenYou can’t open the victim’s mouthYou can’t open the victim’s mouthThe victim’s mouth is so large that The victim’s mouth is so large that you can’t seal it off with your mouthyou can’t seal it off with your mouthThe victim has no teeth, which The victim has no teeth, which interferes with the formation of a interferes with the formation of a good sealgood sealThe victim has mouth injuriesThe victim has mouth injuries1010Mouth-to-Stoma Mouth-to-Stoma VentilationVentilation1.1. Remove anything covering the stoma, Remove anything