Ch. 2-Anatomy and Physiology of Body Systems2.1 Anatomical TerminologySlide 3Terms of Direction and LocationSlide 5PROGRESS CHECK2.2 The Body’s FrameworkThe Muscular SystemVocabularySlide 102.3 The Body’s Organ Systems The Circulatory SystemThe Respiratory SystemThe Digestive SystemThe Endocrine SystemSlide 152.4 The Nerves and SkinNervous SystemThe SkinBody CavitiesSlide 2011Ch. 2-Anatomy and PhysiologyCh. 2-Anatomy and Physiologyof Body Systemsof Body Systems222.1 Anatomical Terminology2.1 Anatomical TerminologyThe terms of pThe terms of position includetion includeAnatomical positionAnatomical position —The victim is standing erect, arms down —The victim is standing erect, arms down to the to the sides, palms facing forward. “Right” and “left” refer to the , palms facing forward. “Right” and “left” refer to the victim’s right and left.victim’s right and left.Supine positionSupine position —The victim is lying face up (on the back) —The victim is lying face up (on the back)Prone positionProne position —The victim is lying face down (on the stomach) —The victim is lying face down (on the stomach) Lateral recumbent positionLateral recumbent position —The victim is lying on the left or —The victim is lying on the left or right side with the lower arm in front of the body, head dependent right side with the lower arm in front of the body, head dependent with no excess pressure on the chest. This is also known as the with no excess pressure on the chest. This is also known as the recovery, or coma, position.recovery, or coma, position.Modified HAINES recovery positionModified HAINES recovery position – if the victim has a – if the victim has a suspected injury to the spine, is unresponsive, and has a possible suspected injury to the spine, is unresponsive, and has a possible airway compromise due to a large amount of blood, vomit or airway compromise due to a large amount of blood, vomit or secretions, place the victim in a modified HAINES recovery secretions, place the victim in a modified HAINES recovery position. Extend the victim’s arm above the head, logroll him onto position. Extend the victim’s arm above the head, logroll him onto his side so his head rests on the extended arm. Bend the knees to his side so his head rests on the extended arm. Bend the knees to stabilize his body. stabilize his body.33 Supine Supine PositionPositionLeft lateral recumbent position Left lateral recumbent position (recovery/coma position)(recovery/coma position)Prone PositionProne PositionRight lateral recumbent Right lateral recumbent position (recovery/coma position (recovery/coma position)position)Modified HAINES Modified HAINES positionposition44Terms of Direction and Terms of Direction and LocationLocationSuperiorSuperior—above, or higher —above, or higher than a point of reference than a point of reference (e.g., The knee is superior (e.g., The knee is superior to the ankle.)to the ankle.)InferiorInferior—below, or lower —below, or lower than a point of reference than a point of reference (e.g., The wrist is inferior to (e.g., The wrist is inferior to the elbow.)the elbow.)AnteriorAnterior—toward the front—toward the frontPosteriorPosterior—toward the back—toward the backMedialMedial—toward the midline —toward the midline or center of the bodyor center of the bodyLateralLateral—to the right or left —to the right or left of the midline; away from of the midline; away from the midlinethe midlineSuperficialSuperficial—near the —near the surfacesurfaceDeepDeep—remote from the —remote from the surfacesurfaceInternalInternal—inside—insideExternalExternal—outside—outside5566PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK1. A victim lying on his or her back is in the 1. A victim lying on his or her back is in the ____________ position. ____________ position. (supine/prone/lateral)(supine/prone/lateral)2. A victim lying on her or his stomach is in the 2. A victim lying on her or his stomach is in the ____________ position. ____________ position. (supine/prone/lateral)(supine/prone/lateral)3. ____________ means above a point of reference.3. ____________ means above a point of reference.(Superior/Anterior/Posterior)(Superior/Anterior/Posterior)4. ____________ means below a point of reference.4. ____________ means below a point of reference.(Superior/Inferior/Posterior)(Superior/Inferior/Posterior)5. A wound near the surface is a ____________ wound.5. A wound near the surface is a ____________ wound.(internal/external/superficial)(internal/external/superficial)772.2 The Body’s Framework2.2 The Body’s FrameworkSkullSkullSpinal ColumnSpinal ColumnThoraxThoraxPelvisPelvisLower ExtremitiesLower ExtremitiesUpper ExtremitiesUpper ExtremitiesJoint MovementsJoint Movements88The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System1.1. Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle, or , or voluntary musclevoluntary muscle, is , is underundera person’s conscious control. a person’s conscious control. 2. 2. Smooth muscleSmooth muscle, or involuntary muscle, is , or involuntary muscle, is musclemuscleover which a person has little or no conscious over which a person has little or no conscious control.control.3. 3. Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle forms the walls of the forms the walls of the heart andheart andis made up of a cellular mesh.is made up of a cellular mesh.99VocabularyVocabularyarticulate-articulate- To fit into each other To fit into each otherfracture-fracture- A break in the bone A break in the boneskeletal (voluntary) muscle-skeletal (voluntary) muscle- Muscle that is under Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the braindirect voluntary control of the brainsmooth muscle-smooth muscle- The muscles found in the walls of The muscles found in the walls of the internal organs and blood vessels, generally not the internal organs and blood vessels, generally not under voluntary controlunder voluntary controlinvoluntary muscle-involuntary muscle- Smooth muscle over which a Smooth muscle over which a person has no voluntary or conscious controlperson has no voluntary or conscious controlcardiac muscle-cardiac muscle- The muscle that makes up the The muscle that makes up the heartheart1010PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK1. The largest bone in the body is the __________. 1. The largest bone in the body is the __________. (tibia/humerus/femur)(tibia/humerus/femur)2.