Ch. 14-Poisoning EmergenciesPoisons may enter the body in four ways14.1 Ingested PoisonsFirst Aid CareSlide 5Syrup of IpecacPROGRESS CHECK14.2 Activated CharcoalSlide 9Vocabulary14.3 Inhaled PoisonsFirst Aid CareSlide 1314.4 Injected PoisonsSlide 1514.5 Absorbed PoisonsSigns and symptoms of contact with a poisonous plant include:Slide 18Slide 1911Ch. 14-Poisoning EmergenciesCh. 14-Poisoning Emergencies22Poisons may enter the body in Poisons may enter the body in four waysfour ways1. Swallowing (ingesting) substances such as 1. Swallowing (ingesting) substances such as medications, household cleaners, or medications, household cleaners, or chemicalschemicals2. Inhaling noxious dusts, gases, fumes, or 2. Inhaling noxious dusts, gases, fumes, or mistsmists3. Penetrating the skin, such as by injection 3. Penetrating the skin, such as by injection with hypodermic needles or by animal, with hypodermic needles or by animal, snake, or insect bitessnake, or insect bites4. Absorbing through the skin (as with 4. Absorbing through the skin (as with poisonous liquids) or touching the skin (as poisonous liquids) or touching the skin (as with poisonous plants)with poisonous plants)3314.1 Ingested Poisons14.1 Ingested PoisonsPoison Control CentersPoison Control CentersThe Importance of Taking a HistoryThe Importance of Taking a HistorySigns and SymptomsSigns and SymptomsVarying levels of unconsciousness, from drowsiness Varying levels of unconsciousness, from drowsiness to unconsciousnessto unconsciousnessAbdominal pain, tenderness, bloating, and/or crampsAbdominal pain, tenderness, bloating, and/or crampsBurns or stains around the mouth, pain in the mouth Burns or stains around the mouth, pain in the mouth or throat, and/or pain during swallowing (corrosive or throat, and/or pain during swallowing (corrosive poisons may corrode, burn, or destroy the tissues of poisons may corrode, burn, or destroy the tissues of the mouth, throat, and stomach)the mouth, throat, and stomach)Unusual breath or body odors; characteristic chemical Unusual breath or body odors; characteristic chemical odors (such as turpentine) on the breathodors (such as turpentine) on the breathExcessive salivation Excessive salivation Nausea, vomiting, and diarrheaNausea, vomiting, and diarrheaIf you have even slight suspicion that a person has If you have even slight suspicion that a person has been poisoned, give first aid care been poisoned, give first aid care44First Aid CareFirst Aid Care1. Maintain the airway and monitor the victim’s airway, breathing, circulation, 1. Maintain the airway and monitor the victim’s airway, breathing, circulation, and disabilities (ABCDs). and disabilities (ABCDs). 2. If the poison was a corrosive (acid) or caustic (alkali), immediately give the 2. If the poison was a corrosive (acid) or caustic (alkali), immediately give the victim one or two 8-ounce glasses of victim one or two 8-ounce glasses of cold cold water or milk to dilute the poison water or milk to dilute the poison as instructed by Poison Control. Cold water or milk absorbs heat better than as instructed by Poison Control. Cold water or milk absorbs heat better than room-temperature or warm liquids. Do not give water or milk in any other room-temperature or warm liquids. Do not give water or milk in any other case unless you are told to do so by the Poison Control Center. Water or case unless you are told to do so by the Poison Control Center. Water or milk may cause a dry poison (such as a tablet) to dissolve, and fills up the milk may cause a dry poison (such as a tablet) to dissolve, and fills up the stomach, forcing stomach contents more quickly into the small intestine, stomach, forcing stomach contents more quickly into the small intestine, where most of the absorption of poison into the bloodstream takes place. where most of the absorption of poison into the bloodstream takes place. 3. Place the victim on his or her left side so that gravity will delay the poison 3. Place the victim on his or her left side so that gravity will delay the poison from entering the small intestine, where most substances are absorbed into from entering the small intestine, where most substances are absorbed into the bloodstream. Positioning the victim on his or her left side can delay the bloodstream. Positioning the victim on his or her left side can delay movement of the poison into the small intestine by as long as two hours. movement of the poison into the small intestine by as long as two hours. 4. Call Poison Control; an estimated three-fourths of all ingested poison 4. Call Poison Control; an estimated three-fourths of all ingested poison emergencies can be successfully handled with instructions given over the emergencies can be successfully handled with instructions given over the phone. phone. 5. 5. With the exception of an acid or alkali poisoning, never give a poisoning With the exception of an acid or alkali poisoning, never give a poisoning victim anything to eat or drink unless you are told to do so by Poison victim anything to eat or drink unless you are told to do so by Poison Control or by a medical professional. Control or by a medical professional.6. 6. Never induce vomiting.Never induce vomiting.7. Send suspected poisons, containers, plant parts, or other specimens with 7. Send suspected poisons, containers, plant parts, or other specimens with the victim to the receiving facility the victim to the receiving facility5566Syrup of IpecacSyrup of IpecacBeginning in 1965 and until recently, the Beginning in 1965 and until recently, the Poison Control Center and physicians advised Poison Control Center and physicians advised first-aiders to induce vomiting if a victim first-aiders to induce vomiting if a victim swallowed poison – and the recommended swallowed poison – and the recommended way to induce vomiting was with syrup of way to induce vomiting was with syrup of ipecac. However, in November 2003, the ipecac. However, in November 2003, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advised that syrup of ipecac no longer be advised that syrup of ipecac no longer be used to induce vomiting, and advised that used to induce vomiting, and advised that people discard any syrup of ipecac they had people discard any syrup of ipecac they had on hand. on hand.77PROGRESS CHECKPROGRESS CHECK1. One of the most common agents