PSY 326 SP14 001 Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. What is working memory?II. Atkins & Shiffrin (1968): Computer metaphors, cognitive revolutiona. Definition of Sensory Memory i. Definition of Iconicii. Definition of Echoiciii. Sperlings experiment on sensory memory:III. Other termsa. Short-term memory vs. Working memoryb. Primal memory IV. Georg Miller and the Magic Number 7a. Definition of Pronunciation Time V. Navah-Benjamin and AyresVI. The Duratuon of information in Working Memorya. Definition of Rehearsal VII. Decay from WMa. Brown Peterson task:VIII. Can interference occur in Short Term Memory?a. Waugh and Normal IX. Waugh an Norman (1965)X. Explanation of Brown-Petersona. Definition of InterferenceXI. The Serial Position Curve and Its Implication for Working Memorya. Definition of Primary effectsb. Definition of Recency effectXII. Baddeley’s Working Memory Modela. Definition of Episodic bufferb. Central executive: a flexible system that coordinates and regulates the sub-systemsi. Definition of Central ExecutiveXIII. The Phonological Loopa. Definition of Phonological loopb. Definition of The irrelevant speech effectc. Phonological loop evidenceXIV. Visuo-spatial sketchpadXV. Problems with Atkinson & Shiffrin (Baddeley’s perspective)XVI. Working Memory and the Braina. Warrington and Shallice (1969)XVII. Neuroimaging and Working Memory: Dissociations with contentXVIII. Common regions across tasksOutline of Current LectureSleep and Learning- Geoffredina SpanoI. The effects of sleep deprivationII. What is sleep?a. Definition of sleepb. Why do we sleep?i. Evolutionii. Restiii. Homeostasisiv. Conservation of resourcesv. Miscellaneous biological processesvi. Memory consolidationc. Definition of ReactivationIII. The role of SWS and REM in the consolidation processa. The Active System Consolidation Hypothesis Diekelmann & Born (2010)b. Definition of SWS c. Definition of REMd. The Sequential HypothesisIV. Types of memoriesa. Long term memoryb. Definition of Procedural memories c. Definition of Declarative memories i. Definition of Semantic memoriesii. Definition of Episodic memoriesCurrent LectureSleep and Learning- Geoffredina SpanoV. The effects of sleep deprivationa. We know sleep is important by looking at people who are not sleepingb. Increased heart rate variabilityi. Risk of heart diseasec. Impaired immune systemd. Risk of diabetes, Type 2e. Decreased reaction time and accuracy, tremors, achesf. Irritability, cognitive impairment, memory lapses, impaired moral judgment, severe yawning, hallucinations, symptoms similar to ADHDg. Growth suppression, risk of obesity, decreased temperatureVI. What is sleep?a. “Sleep is a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and relative unresponsiveness to environment. It is also true that sleep isa complex anagrams of physiological and behavioral processes” (Carskadon &Dement)b. Why do we sleep?i. Evolution: safe during times of perceptual weakness & vulnerabilityii. Rest: Physical and mental restorationiii. Homeostasis: Replenishment/degradation of neuronal factors (hormones, neurotransmitters, peptides)iv. Conservation of resourcesv. Miscellaneous biological processes: metabolism & immune functionvi. Memory consolidationc. Reactivation: What they experience during wake is “replayed” during sleepd. Sleep is involved in the retention and consolidation of newly formed memoriesVII. The role of SWS and REM in the consolidation processa. The Active System Consolidation Hypothesis Diekelmann & Born (2010)b. SWS: system consolidationc. REM: synaptic consolidationd. The Sequential Hypothesisi. Focus on cyclic organization of sleep rather than in the amount of SWS and REM sleepVIII. Types of memoriesa. Long term memoryb. Procedural memories “Knowing how”c. Declarative memories “Knowing that”i. Semantic memories: General Knowledgeii. Episodic memories: Personal