Welcome Scholars Today s class topic Heredity and onto Prenatal Development Announcements Overview EXAM I Still on schedule 2 14 14 Review Sessions 2 12 2 13 Tobin 204 7 8pm Quizzes Will go up on Moodle Quiz 3 will open this afternoon Building Blocks of Heredity Correlation between Genes Environment Brief Intro to Epigenetics Prenatal Development Twin Example Jim Twins Conceptualizing the Correlation Between Genotype and Environment Passive links parents transmit traits through genes the environments they provide or both Evocative links people react to the characteristics of the child s genotype Heredity and Environmental Influences on Behavior Active links niche picking tendency for children to seek out environments compatible with their genotypes Gene Functioning Regulation of Development Epigenetics The field of study concerned with how environmental factors interact with genes to influence cell functioning and the phenotype Of Interest http learn genetics utah edu content epigenetics rats Future Directions for Epigenetics Development Nutrition the Epigenome You are what you eat what your mom ate what your dad ate Stages of Prenatal Development Prenatal Period Period in development from conception to the onset of labor Perinatal Period Period beginning about the seventh month of pregnancy and continuing until about four weeks after birth Postnatal Period Period in development following birth p 116 Stages of Prenatal Development Days 0 14 From conception to implantation on uterine wall cell division Embryonic period Weeks 2 8 Differentiation of most organs and body systems a sensitive period of development Fetal period Growth in size and genesis of processes to help organs and systems function Germinal Stage Week 8 birth Support Within the Womb Placenta Support organ formed by cells from both blastocyst and uterine lining serves as exchange site for oxygen nutrients and waste products Umbilical Cord Conduit of blood vessels through which oxygen nutrients and waste products are transported between placenta and embryo Amniotic Sac Fluid filled transparent protective membrane surrounding the fetus Assessing Newborns Table 4 5 The Apgar Scoring System Low Birth Weight Low Birth Weight LBW The label often given to any infant weighing less than 2 500 grams or five and a half pounds at birth Preterm Any infant born prior to thirty five weeks conceptual age thirty seven weeks gestational age Small for Gestational Age SGA Any infant that displays intrauterine growth retardation that is weighs substantially less than infants born at a similar gestational age
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