HIST 106 7 10 13 Reconstruction o About how should Confederate states be returned to Union o Presidential Reconstruction or Restoration o Southern Reaction to Reconstruction Black Codes o Congressional Reconstruction o Southern Redemption and Redeemers Causes of the Civil War o Slavery o States Rights o Sectional Issues o Cultural and Economic Differences North was industrial and South on slavery o Collapse of Political Parties Texas gave 0 votes to Lincoln how can democracy work that way o Conspiracies John Harpers slave rebellion attempt had north backing War Ends o Lee surrenders at Appomattox 4 9 1865 o 620 000 died on both sides 1 12 people Post War Questions o What will happen to former slaves Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in areas not under Union control Amendment 13 Freed slaves Amendment 14 Citizenship Amendment 15 Voting Rights o What will have to former Confederate states o Who gets to make decisions Presidential Restoration Plan o West Virginia 1861 Lincoln s reconstruction plan o 35 counties in Virginia to refuse to split from Union Created West Virginia o Any confederate state could apply when 10 of voters pledged allegiance to Union And swore to support emancipation laws Then could draft delegates for new state constitution o Those who were high confederate civil diplomatic or military could not pledge Also Union judges and congressmen who aided Confederacy Also those cruel to black soldiers Lincoln Assassination April 14 1865 o At Ford Theatre shot by John Wilkes Booth Crazed Confederate Conspirator o Mary Surratt Found guilty of assisting assassination First woman hung under federal jurisdiction given political role Andrew Johnson o New president after Lincoln o Bitter critic of Southern aristocracy owned slaves drinker anger issues o Wanted to bring Confederate states back quickly o Argued he was one who decided fate of states and slaves Johnson s Plan o New Proclamation of Amnesty May 29 1865 Added exclusion for people with taxable property over 25k dollars Will accept personal applications to be included o Pardon exclusions o Repudiate Secession and Abolish slavery o Former Confederates may take pledge future allegiance to US o Appointed native Unionist Provisional Governor Andrew J Hamilton for Texas o Call Conventions of men elected by loyal voters Abolish slavery Ratify 13th amendment Freed slaves in US Emancipation Freedmen Response o Leave plantations Many shortly return because of family and social networks o Change Name Remove masters surname and choose new name o Social Structure Before provide deference to white people Began creating social changes o Women Women would work alongside men Women had domestic control men had control elsewhere Africans created new gender roles Cult of Domesticity like whites o Anglo Expectations Anglos felt they were kind to their property food clothes etc Now have to hire previous slaves and pay wage Slaves acted ungrateful for kindness given Freedmen s Bureau March 1865 o Assisted slaves with Labor Contracts provided Medical Care schools and courts o Provided only temporary relief for freedmen o White southerners saw this as opportunity for laziness in blacks Black Codes o Introduced in response to Freedmen s Bureau o Want to control new freed population No freedom of movement cannot leave home w o manager permission Labor contracts for one year receive pay at end of year If leave or break contract forfeit pay or imprisonment No right to assemble had to speak to manager to meet No intermarriage in Texas could be fined or imprisoned Prohibited from holding office voting or testifying against whites Freedmen s children cannot attend public schools Cannot have visitors during working hours Any person deemed unemployed will be fined and hired out Disobedience will lead to fines Congressional Radical Reconstruction o Congress attempted to impeach Johnson Oct 1867 and Feb 1868 o 35 voted guilty 19 voted not guilty barely escapes impeachment by 1 vote o Extend Freedmen s Bureau o Declared existing southern state gov as provisional o Congress decides who is readmitted and introduces 5 military district o Military dictates southern action Phillip Sheridan in Texas o Reconstruction Act March 1867 Register all black and white eligible voters Elect convention for new constitution Form new state and local government Ratify 13th and 14th amendment Elect new senators and congressmen Secure Congressional Approval for administration o Why does Congress intervene Concerns for African Americans Revenge against southern war over slavery Strengthen republican party Fear that Johnson was losing peace after Union won war Southern Redemption o President Grant 1868 76 Won due to African vote Unused to complexity of government Betrayed by greedy men and falls into scandal o Panic of 1873 Public scandals with presidential cabinet Allowed Democrats to gain control of House and seats in Senate o President Hayes 1877 Elected due to compromise of 1877 Hayes will become president if he withdraws military in south Caused Republican governments to collapse o Redemption home rule Many former confederates held grudge against blacks and northerners Whites use several tactics to stop black social equality violence intimidation o Ku Klux Klan Originated in Pulaski TN in 1866 Social Club for young men wore costumes and practiced rituals Led to intimidation and violence against republicans and blacks Seized jail and lynched 8 Black prisoners and 3 white republicans murdered 3 Enforcement Acts 1870 71 congressional fight back Fines on anyone who interfered with citizens right to vote Supervised election by federal marshals Outlawed wearing disguises and intimidation of officials Never strongly or consistently enforced Civil Rights protection will crumble and put on back burner 13th 14th 15th amendment become dormant not obsolete Reconstruction did not improve black social standing Leaves in place a scaffolding for future civil rights