Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s IntroductionRisk FactorsRisk Factors: Ongoing ResearchRisk Factors: SpeculationSymptoms: CharacteristicsSlide 7Symptoms: CharacteristicsSymptoms: Why?Slide 10Treatment of Alzheimer’sTypes of TreatmentMedicationsHormonalHerbsNew Diet ResearchAt Home TechniquesAD by the numbers:Alzheimer’s Association PollCosts of Alzheimer’s DiseaseCare Giving for someone with Alzheimer’sCare GivingSlide 23NutritionThe Safety of the PatientCare for the Care GiverAlzheimer’s DiseaseNick BeiselRebecca IngoldLiz ConwayAlzheimer’s IntroductionForm of DementiaDr. Alois Alzheimer: discovered plaques and tanglesTwo Types: _______ and Late OnsetOngoing ResearchNo CureLong-term CareRisk FactorsAge: numbers diagnosed ________ every five years after age 65Family History: Implications for Early OnsetRisk Factors: Ongoing ResearchGenetic Interaction_________________ (ApoE): protein synthesisApoE carries __________ in bloodOnly 15% have type that increases riskOthers still undiscoveredRisk Factors: SpeculationDiet: low _______ levelsEnvironmentCorrelations?Heart Disease and StrokeHigh BPHigh CholesterolPrevious slides from ADEARwww.alzheimers.org/pubs/adfact.htmlSymptoms: CharacteristicsPrecursorMild forgetfulness: “senior moment”Early Stages:Trouble remembering names, events, important dates, etc.________________ difficultyBothersome but not alarmingSymptoms: CharacteristicsModerate Stages:Interference with simple daily activities, e.g., brushing teethImpaired ____________________Impaired speech, reading, writing, etc.Unable to recognize family membersEasily noticed and reportedSymptoms: Characteristics Advanced StagesFurther deterioration of speech, etc._________RestlessnessMood Swings_____________Wandering away from homeSymptoms: Why? Normal MRI Alzheimer’s MRI Images from www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case3/mr1/040.htmlSymptoms: Why?Loss of brain volumeAtrophy of various lobesAsymmetry of ventriclesAtrophy of _____________ and AmygdalaTreatment of Alzheimer’sIs no cureMay be possible to reverse or minimize symptomsTypes of TreatmentMedicationsHormonalHerbal_____At Home TechniquesMedicationsNumerous kinds of medications to relieve symptoms or control behaviorTacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, & Memantine ____________Helps with anxiety, sleep and behavior problemshttp://my.webmd.com/hw/alzheimers/hw136880.asphttp://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htmHormonalHRT can ________ risk of ADEstrogenIncreased risk of dementia toohttp://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htmhttp://my.webmd.com/content/article/54/61448.htmHerbsGinko BilobaMay delay ___________ decayMay have preventive measures http://www.alzheimers.org/treatment.htmNew Diet Research__________ plaque build up causes oxidation and inflammation kills brain cellsDiets high in anti-oxidants slow oxidation and work to prevent inflammationPurple fruits and vegetablesCurcumin (spice) may help prevent memory losshttp://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6560710/At Home TechniquesMake everything a ________Walking helps stimulate the brain to talkUse reminders/ schedulesRecall happy memories (LTM not impaired)http://www.alzheimersdisease.com/info/answers/alzheimer-treatment-choices.jsphttp://www.my.webmd.com/content/article/54/61448.htmAD by the numbers:There is an estimated 4.5 million Americans suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease.This number has more than doubled since _____.www.alz.orgAlzheimer’s Association Poll1 in 10 Americans have a family member who suffers from Alzheimer’s Disease._____ Americans know someone with the disease.www.alz.orgCosts of Alzheimer’s Disease____ of all nursing home residents have Alzheimer’s Disease.Living in a nursing home can range from $42,000-$70,000 a year.The average lifetime cost of care is $174,000.www.alz.orgCare Giving for someone with Alzheimer’s7 out of 10 Alzheimer’s patients live at home.75% of their care is provided by family and ________.The remaining 25% is paid care which can typically cost around $19,000.www.alz.orgCare GivingMost caregivers are _______.Care giving for Alzheimer’s disease is physically and mentally demandingThese care givers can suffer from fatigue, frustration, grief, depression, etc.High levels of stress make the care giver vulnerable to illness.www.faqs.org/healthCare GivingIn early stages the patient loses ability to do minimal tasks such as tying their shoes and selecting clothing.Over time the patient will gradually lose the ability to take care of oneself. www.ahaf.orgNutrition___________ is also very important. A patient might forget how to prepare food or that they are hungry.The caregiver should make sure the patient is receiving healthy meals.www.faqs.org/healthThe Safety of the PatientPatient will gradually lose the ability to drive a car, cook, clean, shower, and ultimately take care of oneself.Insert _______ devices such as bed rails and hand rails for the bathrooms.Adjust electrical appliances www.ahaf.orgCare for the Care Giver_______________ and professional counseling.Extremely demanding and