SleepDefinition of SleepImportance of SleepCont.How much sleep is enough?Stages of SleepSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9A Good Nights SleepSleep DisordersInsomniaSlide 13Slide 14Sleep ApneaSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18NarcolepsySlide 20Slide 21Sleep AidsWhat is a Sleep Aid?Over-The-Counter MedicationMost Common Ingredient in OTC Sleep MedicationMost Commonly Prescribed Medications for Sleep DeprivationPrescription Sleep MedicationsNon-benzodiazepinesBenzodiazepinesBarbituratesAntidepressantsNon-Prescription TreatmentsHerbal Sleep AidsSlide 34Common Side Effects (depending on prescription)Tips for better daytime habitsBetter Sleep EnvironmentCont.SleepKieri GibsonDefinition of SleepA natural and periodic state of rest during which ________________ of the world is suspendedImportance of SleepFaster and more complete recovery from illness and injuryMinimizes the effects of stressIncreases ability to ________________Cont.Enhances ability to handle minor irritationsImproves _____________Enhances ability to perform tasks logicallyImproves personal relationshipIncreases hand-eye coordinationHow much sleep is enough?Infants–16-18 hrs/dayTeenagers & Young Adults–__ hrs/dayAdults–7-8 hrs/dayStages of SleepA. Walking stage•Body prepares for sleep•Relaxed wakefulness•Body begins to slow down•Muscles relax•________________ slows to a rollCont.A. Non Rapid Eye Movement Stages•Stage 1 (sleep or drowsiness) (Non-REM)•50% reduction in activity between wakefulness and Stage 1 sleep•Person may feel he or she has not slept if aroused from this stage•Lasts for _____________ minutesCont.B. Stage 2 (light sleep)•Spontaneous periods of muscle tone mixed with muscle relaxation•Heart rate slows•Body temperature ________________•Preparation to enter deep sleepC. Stages 3 and 4 (Deep Sleep)Cont.D. Rapid Eye Movement (deep sleep)•Intense dreaming•Heightened cerebral activity•Paralysis in major voluntary muscles•Changes in physiological statesA Good Nights Sleep________________ExerciseAvoid Caffeine, Nicotine and AlcoholRelax before bed Control room temperatureDon’t lie in bed awakeSleep DisordersAutumn MeadowsInsomniaDifficulty falling and/or staying asleepA. 2 typesPrimary insomnia – not associated with any other health problems or conditionsSecondary insomnia – sleep problems due to a ________________ (e.g., pain, asthma, depr.)Cont.B. Causes of Insomnia •________________ – positive or negative (e.g., job loss or moving)•Interference with sleep schedule (e.g., jet lag)•Emotional/Physical discomfort•Environment (e.g., noise, light)Cont.C. Treatment•Acute insomnia•Change sleep habits•Mild sleep aids•________________ insomnia•Treat underlying problems•Behavior therapySleep ApneaInterrupted or discontinuous breathing during sleepA. 2 types •Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) – blockage of the air passage•________________ sleep apnea – brain does not signal muscles to breathe (e.g. common in stroke patients)Cont.B. Symptoms•Dry/sore throat upon awakening•________________•Fragmented sleep •SnoringCont.C. Treatment•Conservative tx•_________________________•Avoiding alcohol/drug use•Special devices (e.g. neck pillows, nose strips, dental devices)Cont.Therapy – ________________ positive airway pressure (CPAP)•Prevents airway closure by wearing an air blower mask on face & nose•Apnea will come back if therapy is discontinued•Surgery •Outpatient procedure•Permanent fix to apneaNarcolepsy Neurological disorder that affects the control over sleep & wakefulnessA. Symptoms•Excessive daytime sleeplessness•Sleep paralysis •________________ – loss of voluntary muscle control•HallucinationsCont.B. Test for Diagnosis •Polysomnogram (PSG) •Overnight test that documents abnormalities in sleep cycle•___________________________ (MSLT)•Measures tendency to fall asleep •P.T. required to take 4-5 short naps during sessionCont.C. Treatment•________________•Drug tx – antidepressants & amphetamine-like stimulants•Avoid caffeine •Create sleep scheduleSleep AidsAmber ZabinskyWhat is a Sleep Aid?1. Over-the-counter drugs2. Prescription Medication3. Non-medical supplements and therapiesOver-The-Counter Medication1. Should be used for transient or short term insomnia or in conjunction with changes in your sleep habits2. Pay attention to your body’s physical response to them•Discontinue use if:DrowsinessDizzinessForgetfulness Constipation Urinary retentionBlurred vision Dried mouth & throatMost Common Ingredient in OTC Sleep Medication1. ________________a. Diphenhydramine hydrochlorideb. Diphenhydramine citratec. Doxylamine succinateU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationMost Commonly Prescribed Medications for Sleep Deprivation1. Hypnoticsa. Sedativesb. Minor tranquilizersc. ________________ drugsPrescription Sleep Medications1. Types of Sleep Aidsa. Non-benzodiazepinesb. Benzodiazepinesc. Barbiturates d. ________________Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005Non-benzodiazepinesNewest class of sleep medsEliminated from the body quickly (short half-life)Not likely to cause daytime sleepiness“Selective”Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005BenzodiazepinesThis class is both ________________ acting medicinesWere originally formulated to treat anxiety Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005BarbituratesRarely prescribed due to risk of:–Addiction–Abuse–_____________Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005AntidepressantsNot approved for this purpose, but at times doctors will prescribe them to promote sleepNon-Prescription Treatments1. ________________•Controversial•Classified as a dietary supplement•Not undergone rigorous clinical testing that medicines doStill widely sold as a sleep aidHerbal Sleep AidsChamomileValerian rootHops________________Passion FlowerCont.Benefits are unproven b/c lack of extensive testingGenerally considered safe but could be harmful under certain circumstances•Ex: Do not use chamomile if you are pregnant or if you are taking blood thinnersNot approved by ___________Common Side Effects (depending on prescription)DizzinessLightheadednessDaytime ________________DiarrheaDifficulty w/ coordinationTips for better daytime habitsDon’t take naps during the day–Less than 30 minutes if you have to Limit caffeine and alcoholDon’t smoke