1State of the Art Ontology MappingState of the Art Ontology MappingBy Justin MartineauOverview• Motivation• Theory• Practice• PROMPT for ProtégéMotivation• Business• Better communication with subcontractors• Artificial Intelligence Researchers• Source of Training Data• Way to share learning results• Programmers• Tool to make better applications•Laymen• Indirectly through ToolsEx: Tool for comparison of Similar ProductsOntology Mapping Benefits:Theory• Machine Learning• Natural Language Processing•Heuristics• Database Schema Merging• Formal Concept Analysis (Produce a Concept Lattice)• Cluster into Objects with same subset of properties & Properties belonging to object clustersApplicable Techniques:2Practice• FCA-Merge - uses Formal Concept Analysis, & NLP• IF-Map - uses thy of info flow (Barwise & Seligman 97)• SMART - uses linguistic similarity and heuristics• PROMPT - uses linguistic similarity and heuristics• GLUE - uses ML, Meta-Learning, Naïve Bayes, Relaxation Labeling …• CAIMAN - uses ML, text classification and probability• ITTalks - uses text classification, and Bayesian reasoning• ONION - uses Heuristics, user checks input, ML of user choices• ConceptTool - uses Description Logic, linugistics, heuristicsPrompt for Protégé• Many Different Tools• iPrompt - Ontology-mergering tool• AnchorPrompt - Ontology-alignment tool• PromptDiff - Ontology-versioning tool• PromptFactor - Determine semantic sub-ontologiesPrompt ArchitectureiPrompt Ontology-Merging Flowchart3iPrompt UI• Suggestions ordered based on last operation to maintain user’s focus• Can prefer one Ontology over another, so conflicts are resolved in its favor• Suggestions are Explained• Logs operations, Log can be open an applied.Ex: Merging 2 OntologiesBefore Starting the MergerEx: Merging 2 OntologiesAn Empty Ontology with a list of suggestionsEx: Merging 2 OntologiesPerson Class added, Receives slots from both Ontologies4iPrompt Conflicts• Name Conflict• Dangling Pointers (Suggests Importing)• Class Hierarchy Redundancy • Slot Value Restriction ViolationsPromptDiff - Ontology Version TrackingUnix Diff doesn’t work well with OntologiesHeuristic AlgorithmProduces Structured Diff RepresentationEx: Wine Ontology QuestionsFigures and Images from:The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools For Ontology Merging And
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