CMSC 691A/491EC ObjectivesCategories of ECommerceEC ModelsE-Commerce InfrastructureE-Commerce ProcessE-Commerce Process (cont’d)Access SecurityCryptographic SecurityWorld Wide WebHTMLDocument StructureExampleHTTPHTTP CookiesDownloaded codeMobile CodeScripting Languages: JavaScriptScripting Languages: VBScriptThe Common Gateway Interface : CGIJava appletsJava ServletsJava Servlets vs CGIExtensible Markup Language (XML)WAPWhy is WAP needed?WMLInternet and Network SecurityFirewallFiltering levelsFiltering levels (cont’d)Virtual Private NetworksDirectory and Discovery ServicesJiniWhat is a DatabaseAdvantagesCategories of Data Models3-schema Architecture3-Schema Architecture (cont'd)The Entity-Relational ModelThe E-R Model (cont’d)Data ModelThe Relational Model (Codd 1970)Domain and RelationHow a user interacts with a Web DatabaseDecision support systems for ECPotential Applications of Data Warehousing and Mining in ECMultidimensional DataOLAP ServersOLAP OperationsOLAP Operations (cont’d)Working definition of an agentAgent ProgramBasic CharacteristicsBasic Characteristics (cont’d)Slide 56CMSC 691A/491Midterm Review LectureEC Objectives•Increasing the speed and efficiency of business transactions and processes and improving customer relationships and services•Business can implement new sales and marketing through the use of WWW•The WWW provides electronic means for organizations to display materials such as product catalogs, price lists, …•Internet security issues are resolved, businesses are selling more and more product online, direct to their customersCategories of ECommerce•B2B•B2C•B2GEC Models•E Shop•E Procurement•E Auction•E Mall•3rd Party Market Place•Virtual Communities•Value chain Providers/Integrators•Collaboration Platform•Information Brokers•ASP•Banking/Financial servicesE-Commerce Infrastructure•Network•Machines•Protocols•Security•PaymentE-Commerce Process•Buyers and sellers find each other–Communication (via Networking, the Internet, Core Java and Web-Based Information Architectures)–Human-Computer Interaction, Multimedia–Intermediaries•Negotiation–Electronic Negotiation, Intelligent agents–Foundations of Electronic MarketplacesE-Commerce Process (cont’d)•Transaction–Transaction processing, Databases–Electronic Payment Systems,–Computer Security,–E-Commerce Architecture•Order fulfillment–Manufacture (manufacturing systems)–Delivery (tracking systems)–Supply Chain ManagementAccess Security•Access control–authorization / authentication / identity verification•Authentication–passwords–smart card–biometrics–GPS•Network protection, firewalls, proxy servers•Intrusion detection•Denial of service (DOS) attacks•Viruses, wormsCryptographic Security•Secrecy–information cannot be used if intercepted•Integrity–data cannot be altered•Non-repudiation–sender cannot deny sending•Cryptography–symmetric encryption (DES)–public key cryptosystems (RSA)–digital signatures, digital certificates–public key infrastructure (PKI)World Wide Web•WWW is an application of the Internet.•Evolving system for publishing and accessing resources and services across the Internet.–Open system: can be extended and implemented in new ways without disturbing its existing functionality;–Moved beyond simple data resources to encompass services, like electronic purchasing of goods.HTML•HyperText Markup Language.•Used to specify the text and images that make up the contents of a web page, and to specify how they are formatted for presentation to the user.•The set of markups (tags) is fixed.Document Structure•Document Structure–<HTML> This surrounds the entire document and lets the browser know what language is being used (<SGML> might also be used)–<HEAD> This surrounds the header portion of the document. Title is within the head as well. –<TITLE> The title of the document as shown in the title bar of the WWW browser. –<BODY> The main body of the documentExample <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Title of Page </TITLE> The Header of the document. </HEAD> <BODY> The Main body of the document </BODY> </HTML>HTTP• HyperText Transfer Protocol.–Request-reply protocol.•main method of transfer used by Web protocols to transfer data between a server and client.•understands URLs.•intended for hypertext/hypermedia environments.•Stateless–Cookies –later.HTTP Cookies•HTTP designed to be stateless•Web sites want to save client associated session information•Solution: cookies–small amounts of data save by the Web server and retrieved later from the client system;–normally used by CGI and related server-side code.Downloaded code•Web design requires service-related code to run inside the browser–at the user’s computer.•Solution: Scripting–added to HTML documents;–expands static HTML to include client-side interactivity;–inserted into HTML document using script language tag.Mobile Code•Downloaded code is a subset of mobile code.•Code that can be sent from one computer to another;–e.g., Java applets.•The advantage of running downloaded code is network delay avoidance during interactions.•Potential security threat to the local resources.Scripting Languages: JavaScript•A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites. •Developed independently from Java. •Can interact with HTML source code, enabling Web authors introduce dynamic content. •It is supported by recent browsers from Netscape and Microsoft,–Internet Explorer supports only a subset, which Microsoft calls JScript.Scripting Languages: VBScript•Microsoft proprietary scripting language–operations identical to JavaScript/JScript;–syntax familiar to Visual Basic users;–grew out of Visual Basic.•Visual Basic is component-based:–a program is built by placing components onto a form;–then using VB to link them together.The Common Gateway Interface : CGI•Static pages–same each time visited unless the file is modified on the server. •Many WWW sites are dynamic, i.e., the contents change each time we visit. •Need to search, fill out questionnaires, order things from catalogs. –Need two pieces: •HTML language to create Forms •Common Gateway Interface (CGI) to process the forms. •CGI is a way to pass information from a WWW browser to a program for further processingJava
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