Is Psychological Debriefing A Harmful Intervention for Survivors of Trauma YES PTSD lifetime prevalence rate is 8 Psychological debriefing emotional first aid o Any brief psychological intervention that involves some reworking reliving recollection of the trauma and subsequent emotional reactions Critical incident stress debriefing CISD and critical incident stress management o Noxious ineffective no effect provoke more negative symptoms More emphasis placed on screening and early intervention for those who develop pathological reactions CISD and CISM indistinguishable NO CISD is a seven step small group crisis intervention process CISM is comprehensive systematic multicomponent Debriefings are not recommended until a few weeks after the disaster Crisis intervention is a support service not a replacement for psychotherapy assess individuals to see if they need further therapy Should Memory Dampening Drugs be used to prevent and treat trauma in combat soldiers YES Propanolol can dampen memory and make life more bearable for some trauma survivors targets fear based memories 20 of American soldiers have developed PTSD Individuals will still remember facts about the traumatic event but their evaluation and appraisal will change Normal memory evolution includes some decay Not conceptually different than giving someone an anesthetic PTSD is triggered by events outside the control of the individual When PTSD impairs daily function an individual has already lost his sense of self Treatment does not induce memory loss but dissociates emotions from memory NO Altering memories risks falsifying our perception and understanding of the world and undermining our true identity Benefit from dealing w posttraumatic memories as it allows for posttraumatic growth and room to mature emotionally Drugs must be administered during trauma or shortly after how do you judge who to give them to Happiness depends on our memory knowing who we are in relation to who we have been we need a sense of self Violate identity and sense of self affect society by desensitizing people to other s actions Drugs are likely to be prescribed to more than war veterans and may be given before a traumatic event Hard to tell immediately after a traumatic event how this person is going to respond to it will PTSD actually develop We have an obligation to remember certain events Holocaust Would Legalization of virtual child pornography reduce sexual exploitation of children YES Such material is a form of free speech reduce the extent to which real children would be exploited Technology allows to distinguish between a real and a virtual image NO Internet users with no previous sexual interest in children may find themselves drawn into a world in which societal prohibition against adult child sex is undermined Evidence showing the more you are exposed to a certain type of pornography you generally start to lose interest Transforms children into sexual objects Possible to become attracted to children after being exposed to child pornography Turn to child porn after becoming bored with adult porn Pedophiles sexual arousal intensifies when exposed to child pornography prelude to masturbation or sexual abuse of children Provided with a model to shape and intensify their desires Normalization of child pornography through cartoons prevalence of child pornography sites undermines a pedophile s internal inhibitions against acting out their desires to have sex makes it seem okay to victimize a child Diminished fear of disapproval and of legal and social sanctions Showing pornography to children as an attempt of seduction normalizes these acts for children desensitizes them make them feel guilty Does research confirm that abortion is a psychologically benign experience YES NO Women who deliver an unplanned pregnancy are at the same risk for mental health problems as those who have an unplanned pregnancy Utilized all empirical studies published in English in peer reviewed journals post1989 No evidence supporting association between mental health and the abortion itself as opposed to other factors Predictive factors for more negative responses perceptions of stigma need for secrecy low social support prior mental health history low self esteem Abortion is not a unitary event but encompasses a diversity of experiences Politically motivated bias afraid of reporting negative effects of abortion due to pro choice movement is present in research and literature selection Selective reporting reviews of literature Many limitations to the studies controls were not properly measured small sample sizes Ignored large studies like the Swedish one Is it ethical to support the wish for healthy limb amputation in people with body integrity identity disorder BIID YES People with BIID are in emotional pain because of their experience of incongruity between their body image and their actual body People with BIID have spent many years since childhood with a nonstandard sense of embodiment their experience of themselves built around this sense Some may try to perform the amputation themselves huge risk of harm An individual s conception of his or her own good should be respected in medical decision making Why would someone want to be a wannabe o Body dysmorphic disorder individual believes a part of them is ugly diseased o Sexual attraction to other amputees or to being an amputee o Mismatch between experience and actual structure of body BIID Mismatch between person s body schema and actual body Mismatch between body and body image Anorexics fail to recognize the discrepancy between body and body image wannabe is too aware of the discrepancy Ignoring this request is ignoring an individual s autonomy much like ignoring religious beliefs about certain treatments NO Harm minimization autonomy therapeutic Views individuals with BIID as mentally disturbed need treatment not amputation Insufficient thought given to post amputation regret Physicians are duty bound to do no harm Whether or not someone owns a limb does not make it any less real Calls it a neurotic obsession Is forced treatment of seriously mentally ill individuals justifiable YES Society has a responsibility to take care of those who are incapable of making an informed decision about their care and need for treatment Without treatment these individuals are at risk and deprived of a better quality of life Psychotic drugs are a necessity especially for schizophrenics Proper treatment lowers rates of