Abnormal Exam 3Matthew – Antisocial Personality Disorder (sociopath):• Personality Disorder criteria- Always with you- Enduring pattern of inner experience or behavior that deviates from the expectation ofone’s cultureo Engage in exciting behaviors  lack emotionality Cognition Affectivity (emotionality) Interpersonal functioning Lacks impulse control• Antisocial Personality Disorder criteria- Conduct disorder is a precursor- Often tortures other animals  lacks emotionality to care for living creatures - Disregard for and violation of rights of others:o Unlawfulo Deceitful (clever at lying)o Impulsiveo Irritable and aggressiveo Reckless disregard for safety of self or otherso Irresponsibleo Lack of remorse (EXAM!)• Interpersonal danger signals- Forced teaming  wants to give the message that you’re in the same boat- Charm and niceness (manipulative)- Too many details  very still and focused when lying (not fidgety)- Typecasting  slightly critical labeling with the aim of getting you to disprove of him- Loansharking  make victim feel debted to you (give them something they don’t ask for)- Unsolicited promises- Discounting “NO”• Psychological test data on Matthew- Given an MMPI- Elevated scales of four and nine (psychopathic tendencies and mania)Concepts from Textbook Chapter 14:• Case study: Harold  BPD (impulsive, suicidal, unable to cope w/ emotions)• Dimensional vs. Categorical diagnosis of personality disorders- Categorical diagnosis: 11 diagnoses grouped into 3 clusters:o Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal personality disorders (odd/eccentric behavior)o Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic (overdramatic, emotional,erratic, unpredictable behaviors)o Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, OCD (anxious/fearful behaviors)o Problems: too much overlap between clusters, no room for “somewhat” antisocial or narcissistic behavior- Dimensional diagnosis: original 12 personality disorders down to 6o Clinicians assign ratings along four sets of criteria:AntisocialAvoidantBorderlineNarcissistico First two: personality functioning; how individual expresses their personalityo Second two: individual’s personality as reflected in relationships with otherso Rate individuals from mild to extreme, then rate specific personality traitso 79 criteria  25 core criteria• The various personality disorders:- Paranoid personality disorder : individual is unduly suspicious of others and is always on guard against potential danger or harm- Schizoid personality disorder : characterized by indifference to social relationships, as well as a limited range of emotional experience and expression- Schizotypal personality disorder: primarily involves odd beliefs, behavior, appearanceand interpersonal style; may have bizarre ideas or preoccupations such as magical thinking and beliefs in psychic phenomena- Antisocial personality disorder: characterized by a lack of regard for society’s moral or legal standards and an impulsive and risky lifestyle- Borderline personality disorder: characterized by a pervasive pattern of poor impulse control and instability in mood, interpersonal relationships, and sense of self- Histrionic personality disorder: characterized by exaggerated emotional reactions, approaching theatricality in everyday behavior- Narcissistic personality disorder: characterized by an unrealistic, inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of sensitivity to the needs of other people- Avoidant personality disorder: people have a low estimation of their social skills and are fearful of disapproval, rejection and criticism or being ashamed or embarrassed - Dependent personality disorder: individual is extremely passive and tends to cling toother people, to the point of being unable to make any decisions or to take independent action- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: involves intense perfectionism and inflexibility manifested in worrying, indecisiveness and behavioral rigidity • Moral culpability in people with antisocial personality disorder:- Psychopathy to an offender  harsher sentence, court perceives the person as lacking any redeeming qualities - The emotional insensitivity that is a hallmark of psychopathy makes an individual lessable to appreciate the moral consequence of his/her actions- Without the ability to appreciate the punishment that may follow a crime, psychopathscannot learn from their experiences and are doomed to become emotionally depraved• Emotional processing deficit in antisocial personality disorder:- Difficulty processing negative emotional stimuli (sad facial expressions)- Deficit is related to their inability to develop a sense of morality (they cannot empathize with their victims, no remorse over harming them)• Response modulation hypothesis in antisocial personality disorder:- Attempts to explain the failure of individuals high in psychopathy to learn from negative experience and to process emotional information- People have a dominant and nondominant focus of their attention in any given situation- Psychopaths are unable to pay enough attention to secondary cues to switch (modulate) their attention when necessary- Focus only on what they can get from a situation (money, power, and not consider thatif they pursue these rewards that punishment may result• Emotional dysregulation: lack of awareness, understanding or acceptance of emotions, inability to control the intensity or duration of emotions, unwillingness to experience emotional distress as an aspect of pursuing goals, and inability to engage in goal-directed behaviors when experiencing distressSandra (Marie) – Borderline Personality Disorder:• Symptoms of borderline personality disorder:- Instability in relationships self-image, affects and impulse control (5+)o Abandonment fear (repetition of huge loss)o Unstable and intense relationships (idealization/devaluation = splitting) Cannot see a person with positive and negative aspectso Identity disturbanceo Self-damaging impulsivity (sex, substances, driving, binging, spending)o Suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, self-mutilatingo Affective instability and reactivityo Chronic emptiness (soothe with substances, sex, relationships)o Inappropriate/intense anger  lashing outo Paranoid ideation or dissociation  hypersensitivity sometimes so extreme can lead to a dissociative state• DBT = Dialectical Behavior