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UMass Amherst PSYCH 380 - Exam 1 review - lecture and textbook notes

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Chapter 1Understanding Abnormal Behavior- Case Report: 18 year old Rebecca, college freshmeno Depressed, lonely, hopelesso Insomniao Difficulty concentrating on schoolworko Adjustment disorder w/ depressed mood- Concordance: agreement ratios between people diagnosed as having a particular disorder and their relatives (schizophrenia in twins)  6 out of 10 twins have a disorder, concordance rate is .6- Biopsychosocial model: the interaction of biological, sociocultural and psychological factors is seen as influencing the development of the individual- Prevalence: the number of people who have ever had a disorder at a given time orover a specified period- Incidence: frequency of new cases within a given time period- DSM-5 Mental disorder: psychological, biological and developmental processes;disorder must have “clinical utility”, help guide clinicians in making decisions about treatment; descriptive/categorical  five criteria:1. Clinical significance in disturbance in cognition/emotion/behavior2. Causes significant stress or disability3. Exhibiting behavior is not expectable/cultural4. Not representative of a conflict between individual and societyClass 1 - - Andrew: paranoid schizophrenic o Thinks 3 martians are following him (grandfather has hx of schizophrenia)- Tardive dyskinesia- loss of control of facial muscles (irreversible neurological symptom) almost occurred when his Thorazine dose was raised to 2000mg- Protective factors: experiences/social circles preventing development of psychosis o Concordance rate of schizophrenia in twins: one twin has protective factors ( and is less likely to develop the disorder (biological and environmental components)Chapter 2  Diagnosis and Treatment- Case Report: 28 year old Peter, law attorneyo Change in behavior following his parents divorce  more of a “worrier”o Anxious, irritable, tense, fidgety, short-tempered, wiredo Generalized Anxiety Disorder- Reliability: degree to which clinicians provide diagnoses consistently across individuals who have a particular set of symptoms- Validity: the extent to which a test diagnosis or rating accurately and distinctly characterizes a person’s psychological status- International Classification of Diseases: the diagnostic system of the World Health Organization- Culture-bound syndromes: recurrent patterns of abnormal behavior or experience that are limited to specific societies or cultural areas- Comorbid: the situation that occurs when multiple diagnostic conditions occur simultaneously within the same individual - Case formulation: a clinician’s analysis of the factors that might have influenced the client’s current psychological status**- Cultural formulation: includes the clinician’s assessment of the client’s degree of identification with the culture of origin, the culture’s beliefs about psychological disorders, the ways in which the culture interprets particular events, and the cultural supports available to the client- Halfway house: a community treatment facility designed for deinstitutionalized clients leaving a hospital who are not yet ready for independent living (Andrew)- Mileu therapy: a treatment approach used in an inpatient psychiatric facility in which all facets of the mileu (environment) are components of the treatment- Evidence-based practice in psychology: clinical decision making that integrates the best available research evidence and clinical expertise in the context of the cultural background, preferences and characteristics of clients Class 2-- Derrick: brief psychotic disorder with marked stressors (transiently psychotic)o Disheveled, no jacket in the snow, trembling, hasn’t slept in days, can’t stop washing, going crazy since Dec 10th (went to gay teacher’s house)o Thinks a stalker is trying to kill him and police are in on ito Thanksgiving- dad had a heart attack after a huge argumento Factors contributing to nervous breakdown**: dad’s heart attack, fight with girlfriend, stress from changing schoolso Relevant history: has a thyroid condition and had a concussion- Criteria for brief psychotic disorder:o Delusions: deeply entrenched false belief not consistent with the client’s intelligence or cultural backgroundo Hallucinations: a false perception not corresponding to the objective stimuli present in the environmento Disorganized speecho Disorganized or catatonic behavioro One day to one month, not due to another disorder- Precipitant: the spark or psychotic break that brought an individual into therapy- Clinical psychologists are: “rescuers” and “wounded healers”Class 3-- Steve: exhibitionist (sex problem)o Motivational interview: focus on positives of situation, then less positiveo Caught masturbating to a woman in a window @ 14, excited himo Sexually abused by uncle on a camping trip as a childo Treat: told him to think of his daughter every time he goes to masturbate- Holding environment: context of psychotherapy; therapist will hold client/emotional outpour like an infant, patient feels safe to engage- Catharsis: a cleansing after sharing something so personal- Frame: (of therapy) rules to therapy like the perimeter of a frameo Boundaries: do not violate each other or cross a boundary (therapist is notyour friend/lover, pay your bill, respect, show up on time  frame)- Transference: important people are related to your past experiences; unconsciousredirection of feelings from one person to another- Countertransference: redirection of therapist’s feelings towards a client (unconscious reactions towards a patient)- Microcosm: miniature interaction (before session)  Steve accused Halgin of being consistently negative- Formulation: hypotheses as to what caused a person’s current psychological status (Steve- victimized as a child = nothing wrong with violating others) - Three-part model of therapy: o Present concernso Past experienceso Therapeutic relationshipClass 4-- Ben: descending into psychosiso Wool hat/gloves on a hot day, asked for psychological testingo Paranoid, delusions/hallucinations o Believes police on horses are out to get him/buildings are going to cave ino IQ test (WAIS), MMPI, HTP, Thematic Apprehension test, Inkblotso Utilitarian approach to women  struggling w/ sexual energyo Falling apart, borderline suicidal, crying out for help- Projective technique- project your personality (used w/ TAT)- House-Tree-Person:


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UMass Amherst PSYCH 380 - Exam 1 review - lecture and textbook notes

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