LING 1100!9/3/2013!LING 1100!• Read chapter 3 for Thursday!• Quiz 1 deadline = tonight!• Test 1 opens on Thursday;"! !on Chapters 1 & 2!Language Acquisition: !Children vs. Adults!• Critical period (<12 years)!• Lots of input!• No interference!Interference!English!Spanish!Example!Chapter 2: Foreign Accents!What’s foreign accent?!Foreign accents in English!• http://youtu.be/0JyZpDrJJ1M!• http://youtu.be/57afEWn-QDg!• http://youtu.be/x1z_Kt30HvQ!English accents in foreign langauges!• http://youtu.be/uNuGKbwRudE!• http://youtu.be/UDYerzJ7dRY!The persistence of native accents!What makes you sound foreign?!• Pronouncing sounds!• Pronouncing sounds in the correct word positions !• Pronouncing sounds in new sequences!Sounds are not the same as spelling!Sounds are not the same as spelling!• [k] sound in “knight”?" [t] sound in “debt”?! [s] sound in “island”?!• Do the vowels in these words sound the same?!!“cat”, “cater”, “car”, “war”!• Do the vowels in these words sound the same?"! “be”, “bee”, !“people”, “key”, “Caesar”, “field”!We will be focusing on sounds, not spellings.!Dealing with unfamiliar sounds!the consonant inventory of English!bilabial!labio-dental!dental! alveolar!post-alveolar!palatal! velar! glottal!nasal!m! n! ŋ!plosive!p##b! t##d! k##ɡ!affricate!tʃ##dʒ!fricative!f##v! θ##ð! s##z! ʃ##ʒ! h!approximate!ɹ! j! w!lateral!l!Dealing with unfamiliar sounds!the sound inventory!bilabial! alveolar! palatal! velar! uvular!English!m! n! ŋ!French!m! n! ɲ!Japanese!m! n! ɴ!Portuguese!m! n! ɲ!Swahili!m! n! ɲ! ŋ!Dealing with unfamiliar sounds!Strategy: replace an unfamiliar sound!• English speaker learning Greek![ʝ] in Greek “gyro”!!voiced palatal fricative!• French speaker learning English![ð] in English “this”!!voiced interdental fricative!Nguyen!Dealing with unfamiliar sounds!Strategy: replace an unfamiliar sound!/s/ in ‘sit’ but not /ʃ/ in ‘sheet’ !Greek’s sound inventory has /s/ and /i/!!/i/ in ‘seat’ but !not /ɪ/ in ‘sit’ !• All “sh” /ʃ/ (“she”) sounds become /s/!• All “i” /ɪ/ (“bit”) sounds become /i/!sit?!seat?!sheet?!Dealing with unfamiliar sounds!Strategy: omit an unfamiliar sound!• French speaker learning English!English: ‘he has a heavy hat’!French: ‘ –e –as a –eavy –at’!Dealing with unfamiliar sound sequences!Strategy: omit a sound!Greek: psyche ! [psuxi]!English: [sajki]!• English speaker learning Greek!• French speaker learning English!English: Jim! [ʤɪm]!French: [ʒim]!Dealing with unfamiliar sound sequences!Strategy: insert a vowel sound!school!Gdansk!For spanish speakers:!gnome!hlaf!Imagine a language that:!• Does not have the sound [r], but only has [l]!• Does not have the sounds [s], but has [k]; !• All consonants are separated from each other by a vowel!• Syllables cannot end with a consonant!How would you say “Merry Christmas”?!Christmas![krismas]!Does not have the sound [r], but only has [l]!krismas!klismas!Does not have the sounds [s], but has [k] !klismas!!klikmak!All consonants are separated from each other by a vowel!klikmak!kalikimak!Syllables cannot end with a consonant!kalikimak!ka.li.ki.ma.ka!http://youtu.be/hEvGKUXW0iI!Dealing with unfamiliar !word stress!Strategy: use native stress patterns!psychologie!psychology!Elisabeth!Elizabeth!animal!animal!French!English!psychology!Elizabeth!animal!psychologie!Elisabeth!animal!Quick summary!Foreign accents are often…!• Replacement of unfamiliar sounds!• Insertion of sounds to break down unfamiliar sound-sequences!• Inability to produce / perceive the unfamiliar stress / tone / intonation