LING 1100!August 27, 2013!• Please write down your OSU name-dot-number on the attendance quiz answer sheet.!!• Please check the Carmen page and, if I missed anybody’s grades, please email me.!!• Preliminary schedule is now on Carmen.!!• Today: First language acquisition.! Thursday: Second language acquisition.!!• Please finish reading Chapter 1 of BLFLL, and Language Myths 7 by Thursday. !Language Learning!• How many groups would you put these shapes into?!Language Learning!• How many groups?!Language Learning!• How many groups?!Language Learning!• How many groups?!Language Learning!• We learn to hear the categories that matter in our language!English ! !/r/ vs /l/! !Korean!English ! !/p/ vs /f/! !Korean!English ! !/ɸ/ vs /p/ !Japanese!English ! !/ɾ/ vs /d/! !Spanish!Language Learning!• 2 days old: infants prefer listening to their native language!• By 4-months: infants able to distinguish native language from similar yet unfamiliar language !• By 7 1/2 months: infants prefer familiar vs. unfamiliar words!Word segmentation!How can children figure out words from a continuous stream of speech sounds?!Try picking out words from this song:!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOWH0W6t6eM!It’s tough, isn’t it?!(Who knows what language it is in?)!Pattern extraction!Baby hears: !!“Look at Rufus.”!!Whatʼs the perception?!Barks.!Wet nose.!Furry.!Tail wags.!!Conclusion?!Itʼs a Rufus!!!!Stages of Development!1. Babble!Notice:!Quantity!*Redundancy*!Concreteness!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JmA2ClUvUY!Stages of Development!2. One-word stage!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPZoMu-VeDY!Notice:!*Quantity*!Redundancy!Concreteness!Stages of Development!3. Two-word stage!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJmlLh0t0tE!Notice:!Quantity!Redundancy!*Concreteness*!Language Acquisition: !Children vs. Adults!• Critical period (<12 years)!• Lots of input!• No interference!Greater cognitive ability •!Complex understanding •!of language!Interference!English!Spanish!Example!Input! Children! Adults!Amount of new language!By the end of the first year: over 3 million words!Depends on context in which language is learned!Type of information!Concrete & simple e.g. bottle, doggie, mommy, daddy, train, dolly… !Less concrete; more complex (talking about movies, classes, politics, relationships…)!Redundancy!Repetition of simple words/phrases common!Repetition of input much less common!Learning Stages!Babbling > 1 word !> 2 word > grammatical competence > …!Typically taught to start right off with phrases!Errors!Yes !!What kind?!Yes!!What kind?!Input! Children! Adults!Ability to learn complex systems!No.! Yes.!Control of learning environment!No.! Yes (to a certain extent) !- You can choose the areas that you need extra practice with. !- You can ask your instructor if you don’t understand something.!- You can choose the language that you want to learn.!- You can decide to do study