THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERPSECTIVE ON FAMILY VIOLENCE OBJECTIVES OF THIS LECTUREINTERRELATION OF SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGYSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMIC ASPECTS OF VIOLENCE: LEGITIMATE VIOLENCE INCREASES ILLEGITIMATE AND CRIMINAL VIOLENCEFigure 1. PREVALENCE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT BY NUMBER OF CHILDRENSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12EXAMPLES TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF BEHAVIORSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Soc Perspective1THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERPSECTIVEON FAMILY VIOLENCEOBJECTIVES OF THIS LECTURE•UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY•UNDERSTAND THE IDEA OF "SOCIAL CAUSES" AND LEARN HOW TO IDENTIFY THE SOCIAL CAUSES OF DIFFERENT FAMILY PATTERNS, INCLUDING FAMILY VIOLENCESoc Perspective2INTERRELATION OF SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGYCHARACTERISTICS,& BEHAVIOR 0FAN INDIVIDUAL PERSONCHARACTERISTICS OFA SOCIAL UNIT (FAMILY,CLUB, SCHOOL, STATE,NATION). INCLUDESCULTURAL NORMSAND BELIEFSCAUSE (“INDEPENDENT VARIABLE” ) EFFECT ( “DEPENDENT VARIABLE”) CHARACTERISTICS,& BEHAVIOR 0FAN INDIVIDUAL PERSONCHARACTERISTICS OFA SOCIAL UNIT (FAMILY,CLUB, SCHOOL, STATE,NATION) . INCLUDESCULTURAL NORMSAND BELIEFSPSYCHOLOGYSOCIOLOGYSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGYSoc Perspective3EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENCES IN TYPES OF ISSUES THAT ARE THE FOCUS OF PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY: The effect of a child’s temperament on the child’s reading ability SOCIOLOGY: The effect of a child’s social class on whether a child goes to college, and which oneSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGYThe effect of a child’s temperament on the number of friends friendship groupThe effect of the number of friends on depressionSoc Perspective4DIAGRAM AND EXAMPLES ARE AN AID TO UNDERSTANDING,NOT LITERALLY TRUE•Deliberate exaggerations•Many exceptions •Much social psychology (especially small groups) is concerned with social organization•Much sociology uses psychological variables•Much anthropology is “social anthropology” and focuses on cultural norms and social organizationSoc Perspective5Soc Perspective6CULTURAL NORMS* THE RULES SPECIFYING HOW TO BEHAVE THAT ARE TAUGHT TO MEMBERS OF A SOCIETYOR SEGMENT OF SOCIETY* NORMS ARE USUALLY SPECIFIC TO A TYPE OF PERSON AND A TYPE OF SITUATION* EXAMPLES??????* MANY CULTURAL NORMS ARE LEARNED AND FOLLOWED WITHOUT AN AWARENESS OF FOLLOWING RULESSoc Perspective7THE CONCEPT OF A "SOCIAL SYSTEM"Social System is a concept that can help understanding all aspects of society, including violence• Parts are interrelated and influence each other• “Influence” does not mean one-to-one link. The fact that there are many influences makes that impossible. VIOLENCE LIKE ANY OTHER SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS PART OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM• Many aspects of society promote or inhibit violence• Violence has many causes, not just one or two• Violence in one sphere of life influences violence in other spheres of lifeExamples on next slideSoc Perspective8EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMIC ASPECTS OF VIOLENCE: LEGITIMATE VIOLENCE INCREASES ILLEGITIMATE AND CRIMINAL VIOLENCE•Corporal Punishment Of Children Increases Children Hitting Parents•Corporal Punishment of Children Increases Hitting of Dating and Marital Partners•Capital Punishment Increases Murders•War Increases Homicide Rates9Soc PerspectiveFigure 1. PREVALENCE OFCORPORAL PUNISHMENT BY NUMBER OF CHILDRENCP20VB2BP4550556065707580. 1 2 3 4+ .NUMBER OF CHILDRENPERCENTAdjustedUnadjustedSoc Perspective10Soc Perspective11FIG. 5 PERCENT OF CHILDREN HITTING PARENTS, BY VIOLENCE BETWEEN PARENTS AND PARENT-TO-CHILD VIOLENCE0%10%20%30%40%50%60%NO VIOLENCEBY PARENT(N=361)CORPORALPUNISH 1 OR 2TIMES (N=113)CORPORALPUNISH 3+TIMES (N=359)MORE SEVEREASSAULT(N=131)PARENT-TO-CHILD VIOLENCEPERCENT HITTING PARENTBOTH VIOLENTWIFE ONLYHUSBAND ONLYNEITHER VIOLENTWHAT DOES THIS CHART SHOW?A. Literal factsB. ConclusionsSoc Perspective12Soc Perspective13EXAMPLES TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF BEHAVIORTWO ASEPCTS OF SOCIAL CAUSESCultural NormsSocial OrganizationSoc Perspective14 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Parent Spanks Child PSYCHOLOGICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL CLASS TO DISCUSS AND SUGGEST EXAMPLES OF EACHSoc Perspective15 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Parent Spanks Child PSYCHOLOGICAL Parent with an aggressive personality CULTURAL Cultural norms permit or encourage spanking SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL Many children in the familySoc Perspective16 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Making a daring run in football PSYCHOLOGICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONALSoc Perspective17 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Making a daring run in football PSYCHOLOGICAL Temperament of the player CULTURAL Whether the rules of the game permit a run of this type SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL The player’s position on the team. The style of play which the team tends to use Note: No two football games are ever identical. But we all know that does not mean that there are no regularities or structure.Soc Perspective18 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Permissive Child Rearing Practices PSYCHOLOGICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL CLASS TO SUGGESTSoc Perspective19 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Permissive Child Rearing Practices PSYCHOLOGICAL Rigid vs flexible personality of parent CULTURAL Recommendation of child care experts SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL High rate of social change & influence of other socialization agents reduce parental authority (Davis)Soc Perspective20 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Hitting a wife PSYCHOLOGICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONAL CLASS TO SUGGEST EACH TYPE OF EXPLNATIONSoc Perspective21 CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR TO BE EXPLAINED TYPE OF CAUSE/EXPLANATION Slapping a wife PSYCHOLOGICAL Aggressiveness of husband CULTURAL Values and beliefs of some societies and