Slide 1Slide 2SAMPLE AND MEASURESSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6STEP 4. CROSS TAB TO TEST THE HYPOTHESISSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED FROM THIS LAB?Slide 16Lab CPI 1Soc 695 Family Violence Research In World Perspective Murray A. StrausLAB CPI. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT AND DATING VIOLENCE - INDIVIDUAL LEVEL DATAThe Research QuestionIs having experienced corporal punishment by parents related to a higher probability of hitting a dating partner?• Illustrates Individual level Research• Other Lab Projects Will Use “macro” or societal level methodSTEPS (1) Writing a hypothesis (2) Score the CTS scale for minor violence (3) Identify the Independent and Dependent variables (4) Cross-Tabulation to test your hypothesis about the relation of corporal punishment to hitting a dating partner (5) Write the Results section of the lab report (6) Write the Discussion of the resultsLab CPI 2STEP 1 -- THE HYPOTHESIS• What is a hypothesis?• What is your hypothesis about the relation of CP to violence against a dating partner? Write it on the Lab Report FormYou will NOT be graded on whether your hypothesis is supported by the results of the cross-tabulation. So put down whatever you think the results might show.Lab CPI 3SAMPLE AND MEASURESSAMPLE:About 70 students: Students currently in Sociology 695 + Students from last time the course was taughtINDEPENDENT VARIABLE Corporal Punishment measured by Question 105. “When I was less then 12 years old, I was spanked or hit a lot by my mother or father.”1 = Strongly disagree2 = Disagree3 = Agree4 = Strongly AgreeDEPENDENT VARIABLE Conflict Tactics Scales score for Minor assaults on a dating partner in the past yearLab CPI 4 CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES (CTS) – VIOLENCE SCALE QUESTIONSSPSS IDVNAME Q # ASSAULT – MINORCCAMS1 208 THREW SOMETHING AT PARTNER THAT COULD HURTCCAMS2 210 TWISTED MY PARTNER'S ARM OR HAIRCCAMS3 218 PUSHED OR SHOVED MY PARTNERCCAMS4 246 GRABBED MY PARTNERCCAMS5 254 SLAPPED MY PARTNERASSAULT - SEVERECCASS1 222 USED A KNIFE OR GUN ON MY PARTNERCCASS2 228 PUNCHED PARTNER OR HIT PARTNER WITHCCASS3 234 CHOKED MY PARTNERCCASS4 238 SLAMMED PARTNER AGAINST A WALLCCASS5 244 BEAT UP MY PARTNERCCASS6 262 BURNED OR SCALDED MY PARTNER PURPOSECCASS7 274 I KICKED MY PARTNERLab CPI 5STEP 2. SCORING THE CTS VIOLENCE SCALECTS has scales for “minor” and “severe” violence. For simplicity we will score only the “minor violence” scale.Several ways to score the violence scale. The two main ways are•Annual Frequency = sum of the 6 questions. Score range = 0 to 125•Prevalence = Did any of the violent acts occurExample Physical Assault Scale Item: “I Slapped my partner”1 = Once in the past year2 = Twice in the past year3 = 3-5 times in the past year4 = 6-10 times in the past year5 = 11-20 times in the past year6 = More than 20 times in the past y7 = Not in the past year, but it did happen before8 = This has never happenedLab CPI 6We will use the Prevalence method of scoring the CTSIt has just 2 categories (yes and no) and that is easier to tabulateScoring Violence Against A Dating Partner* There are 5 questions, about minor violence208, 210, 218, 246, 254* Check all 5 questions* If ANY one or more are answered 1 through 6 write a 1 in the upper left corner of side 1 of the answer sheet to indicate that this student had hit a partner * If NONE are marked 1-6 (i.e. if ALL are marked 7 for not in the past year, or 8 for never occurred) write a 0 in the upper left corner of side 1 of the answer sheetLab CPI 7STEP 4. CROSS TAB TO TEST THE HYPOTHESISEach of you will have an answer sheet for 1 to 3 students. • We will go around the class and you will read out the value for the independent variable (Q 105 – corporal punishment) and then for the dependent (the minor violence scale score that you computed and wrote on the answer sheet)• * As each pair of scores is read out, everyone will put a tally mark in the box where it belongs. • Make every 5th tally mark horizontal: ////• Add up each column and put the number in the N OF CASES row• For each column, compute the percentage of cases coded 1 (violent to a partner) by dividing the number in the YES row by the number in the N Of Cases row. Put the sum in cell F. F • Compute the percent of cases who experienced each level of corporal punishment by dividing the numbers in row C by cell D and write the percents in the row labeled Percent Hit By ParentsLab CPI 8Lab CPI 9RESULTS (Number the parts) 1. What percent of UNH students experienced CP? * To find out, look in the Total Column of row E * Write this is the results section of your lab report2. How prevalent is partner violence among the students in this course?* To find out, look in the % Violent column3. What is the relation of CP to violence against a dating partner? * To find out, Compare the percent violent in the columns of the cross tabulation * On the lab report form, say (1) whether the percent goes up, goes down, or does not show a trend in either direction, (2) what this indicates about the relation of corporal punishment to hitting a dating partner? (3) 4. 4. Whether your hypothesis is supported or not. If there is a relationship, how close is it?Anything else you noticed about the results?Lab CPI 10IS THE RELATION BETWEEN CP AND VIOLENCE AGAINST A DATING PARTNER SIGNIFICANT?•With about 70 cases, differences of the size we found would not be statistically significant •I used a computer program to calculate it for , and found that Chi-square = ?, p < .OO1•What is a test of significance?•What does the p value tell us?•How low a p value is needed to be considered “significant”?•What does it mean if the chi-square is not significant?Lab CPI 11ctatsp ASSAULT TOT by self - prev * vs01 105 HIT A LOT BY PARENT <12 Crosstabulation3413 1560 707 207 588777.7% 73.4% 68.0% 66.3% 74.8%982 565 333 105 198522.3% 26.6% 32.0% 33.7% 25.2%4395 2125 1040 312 7872100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%Count% within vs01 105 HITA LOT BY PARENT <12Count% within vs01 105 HITA LOT BY PARENT <12Count% within vs01 105 HITA LOT BY PARENT <12.00 NOT THIS YR.100.00ctatsp ASSAULT TOTby self - prevTotal1 StronglyDisagree 2 Disagree 3 Agree4 StronglyAgreevs01 105 HIT A LOT BY PARENT <12TotalChi-Square Tests58.657a3 .00057.112 3 .00057.616 1