BIO 326R 1st EditionExam # 5 Study Guide Lectures: 31 - 35Lecture 31 (November 20) Normal FloraFlora- normal, resident, transient- relationshipso mutualism, commensalism, parasitism- benefitso vitamins, prevent pathogens, produce toxins harmful to other bacteria, stimulate development of certain tissues, stimulate production of cross-reactive antibodies, induce immunoresponse- impaired defenseo antibodies, irradiation therapy, surgery, wounds, AIDS- opportunist infectiono unharmful until an opportunityFlora types- skin- eye- oralo s. salivarius, S. mutans (cause cavaties), streptococci, gingival crevice area- respiratoryo upper—know componentso lower—know components free of microorganisms unless infection- GI tracto Know componentso Mostly anaerobes- Urinary tracto Know components that are free of microbeso Urethra—carries bacteria- Genital florao Know components free of microbeso Vagina—carries lactobacillus- Know other sterile areasLecture 32 (November 22) ImmunityImmunity- innate immunity—know definitiono first line of defenseo know characteristics and types of innate responseso anatomical barrier skin—know properties and layers mucous membraneso know physiological factors that prevent colonizationLecture 33 (November 25) Immunity ContinuedPhysiological barriers- chemical factors- complement group= know definitiono proenzymeo factor Ho works best on gram - = know why- antimicrobial proteinso defensin, change in membrane permeability, prevalent in invertebrates, stimulatethe immune systemo cytokines= protein signals produced by the host during infection can recruit immune cells to sites of infection interferon= produced by virally infected cells and induces antiviral response- phagocytic cellso PAMPs= know definitiono PRR= know definitionLecture 34 (December 2) Immunity ContinuedPhagocytic cells contd- Macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes- PMNS)- Opsonin-dependent mechanism= know what it recognizes- Phagocytes know where to go based on inflammation—know inflammation responses- Process of phagocytosiso Engulf particle, enter phagocytic cell in vacuole, fusion of vacuole with lysosomeAdaptive Immunity- know definition of humoral and cellular (cell-mediated) immunity- know definition of antigeno can be proteins, carbohydrates, other small molecules- know definition of antibodieso made in respinse to antigenso highly specifico know definition of epitopeo IgG and IgM= know what they are and their differences - B cellso Know functions—produce antibodies, memory b cells, antigen presenting cells Know what each entails- T cellso Know functiono Th cells and Tc cells= know differences Lecture 35 (December 4) Antigen Presenting CellsAntigen Presenting Cells - most cells= MHCI- some cells= MHC I and MHC IIo responsible for activating T cellsVaccines- variolation= know the processo using cow pox as a vaccine for small pox- passive immunization vs. active immunization- know why vaccines sometimes failAdjuvants- know definition and
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