BIO 326R 1st Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I. Immunity—physiological barriera. Chemical factorsi. Acidsii. Peptiniii. Complementiv. Antimicrobial proteinsv. Cytokinesvi. Phagocytic cellsOutline of Current Lecture I. Immunitya. Phagocytic cells continuedi. Opsonin-dependent mechanismii. inflammationiii. cytokinesII. Adaptive immunitya. Humoral immunityb. Cellular immunityc. Antigeni. Epitoped. Antibodiesi. IgMii. IgGe. B cellsf. T cellsi. Th cellsii. Tc cellsCurrent LectureImmunity—Phagocytic Cells continued- Macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes- PMNS)- Opsonin- dependent mechanismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Recognizes cells that have: Complement system Antibodies bound- Phagocytes know where to go based on sites of inflammationo Inflammation accompanied by Redness (rubor) Warmth (calor) Pain (dolor) Swelling (tumor) Altered function (function laesa)o Cytokines recruit phagocytic cells when inflammation- Process of phagocytosiso Engulf the particle (bacterium)o Enters into phagocytic cell in a vacuole (membrane compartment)o Fusion of vacuole with lysosome, which contains over 20 enzymes that degrade particles (like bacteria)Adaptive Immunity- Humoral immunity= immunological factors found in serum (body fluids)o Antibodies- Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity= requires neutrophils, macrophages, Tc cells- Antigeno = substance which generates an immune response- Proteins Carbohydrates- Particularly large polysaccharides (like capsules) Small molecules (like siderophores, signaling molecules)o Epitope= antigen determinant Portion of the antigen that reacts with the antibody- Antibodies (also called immunoglobins= Ig)o Class of proteins that bind to and inactivate particleso Made in response to antigenso Highly specific (recognize specific epitope)o IgG and IgM= most prevalent in our circulationo IgG= opsonin-dependent phagocytosis Major component of passive immunity passed from placenta to fetuso IgM= usually first to arrive in response- B cells (B lymphocytes- become plasma cells)o Produced and mature in the bone marrowo Possess an antibody on the cell surfaceo Functions- in response to an antigen: Produce antibodies now a plasma cell Produce memory B cells long lived cells, remain quiescent (sit there)- Upon reexposure to an antigen, they proliferate and produce plasma cells- Vaccines—when injected, we make memory cells so that when reexposed to antigen, a better response is elicited (more antibodies and faster) Antigen presenting cells- Interact with Th cells and inactivate them- Done by presenting antigens to the Th cells- MHC II= surface proteins that present the antigen to Th cellso T cells (lymphocyte) Produced in bone marrow and mature in the thymus Th cells= T helper cells- CD4+ T cells—activate phagocytes- Become activated when an antigen is presented with MHC II and release cytokines induces B and Tc cell activation Tc cells= cytotoxic T cells- CD8+ T cells- Activated by an antigen associated with MHC I- Killing virally infected cells, tumor
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