Piloting Session SevenOutlineSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Question 6-17: courses crossing, boat to port, relative bearing increasingQuestion 6-18: courses crossing, boat to starboard, relative bearing decreasingQuestion 6-19: courses crossing, boat to port, relative bearing stays the sameQuestion 6-20: courses crossing, boat to starboard, relative bearing stays constantStudent Guide 7: Manual PilotingSlide 15If the GPS FailsDead Reckoning ToolsDead Reckoning Tools (Cont.)Dead Reckoning (Cont.)Estimated Time of Arrival: ETASlide 21Weekend NavigatorSlide 23Weekend Navigator: Quick ObservationsBow BearingBeam BearingsCompass Bow BearingsQuick Comparisons with GPSComparing Your Bearings with a ChartMore Accurate BearingsWays to Access a Waypoint BearingMap ScreensWaypointWN Ch11 The Eye of the MarinerQuick AnglesQuick Horizontal AnglesRangesUsing a Range to Measure DeviationAvoiding DangerBearingsRelative BearingsCollision BearingsCollision BearingRules of RoadRules of the Road: Pecking OrderRules of the Road: Head-On; PassRules of the Road: Right Angle CrossRunning Lights; Legacy of Compass PointsRules of the Road: Sailboats & Wind11Piloting Session SevenPiloting Session Seven22OutlineOutline•Homework•Student Guide: Ch. 7 Manual Piloting•Weekend Navigator: Part IV Double Checking Your Navigation–Ch. 10 Double Checking Using Instruments–Ch. 11 Eye of the Mariner334455667788991010Time 1: relative bearing = 2700Time 1Question 6-17: courses crossing, boat Question 6-17: courses crossing, boat to port, relative bearing to port, relative bearing increasingincreasingTime 2: relative bearing > 2700Time 21111Time 1: relative bearing = 900Question 6-18: courses crossing, boat to Question 6-18: courses crossing, boat to starboard, relative bearing starboard, relative bearing decreasingdecreasingTime 2: relative bearing < 9001212Time 1: relative bearing = 2700Time 1Question 6-19: courses crossing, boat Question 6-19: courses crossing, boat to port, relative bearing to port, relative bearing stays the samestays the sameTime 2: relative bearing = 2700Time 2Right of way question1313Time 1: relative bearing = 900Question 6-20: courses crossing, boat to Question 6-20: courses crossing, boat to starboard, relative bearing starboard, relative bearing stays constantstays constantTime 2: relative bearing = 900Right of way question:Note: the answer says turn to starboard! (wrong?) Or slow down (right)1414Student Guide 7: Manual PilotingStudent Guide 7: Manual Piloting•Objectives–Finding your position when the GPS dies–Using Dead Reckoning–Finding position using bearings–Navigating manually using dead reckoning1515Student Guide 7: Manual PilotingStudent Guide 7: Manual Piloting•Outline: If the GPs fails–Establish position–Position by dead reckoning–Navigate by dead reckoning–Bearings–Estimating Time of Arrival (ETA)1616If the GPS FailsIf the GPS Fails•#1: You should be following a pre-planned route on a chart print-out (hard copy), noting position at least on the hour•#2: You should be maintaining a DR plot on a paper chart if not doing the equivalent by doing #11717Dead Reckoning ToolsDead Reckoning Tools•Paper Chart•Note time of departure from a known position–Close by an aid to navigation (ATON): fix•Plot course–Direction (true or magnetic)–speed•Plot dead reckoning position using 60*D = S*T–Every hour–If course changes–If speed changes1818Dead Reckoning Tools (Cont.)Dead Reckoning Tools (Cont.)•In coastal piloting, establish a fix with two bearings off of landmarks–Restart DR plot from fix•Check DR track with estimated position from a single bearing (line of position) or a depth contour (line of position)•Magnetic course is determined from boat’s compass1919Dead Reckoning (Cont.)Dead Reckoning (Cont.)•T•V variation from compass rose•M magnetic course•D deviation chart•C compass headingRecall west is best : add going down, reverse going up2020Estimated Time of Arrival: ETAEstimated Time of Arrival: ETA•Use 60*D = S*T•When will I approach the shipping lanes?–Time for extra aware lookout•When will I approach an aid to navigation?–Fix and check on DR plot•When will I approach anchorage?2121Exercises2222Weekend NavigatorWeekend Navigator•Part IV: Double Checking Your Navigation•Three Pillars of Coastal Navigation–One: Pre-Plan–Two: Navigation On the Water–Three: Double Checking•Do not rely on one instrument or one method•Ch 10: Double Checking Using Instruments–During pre-planning, enter waypoints in GPS, then on the water your GPS will give you the heading to that waypoint which you can check against a visual compass bearing23232424Weekend Navigator: Quick Weekend Navigator: Quick ObservationsObservations•Keep in touch with your environment•Bearings–Bow bearings–Beam bearings2525Bow BearingBow Bearing2626Beam BearingsBeam BearingsBearing = Beam Bearing (900 Relative) + Boat HeadingBearing to buoy: 1600 = 700 + 900Bearing = Beam Bearing (2700 Relative) + Boat HeadingBearing to tower: 3400 = 700 + 2700 Note: relative bearings have to be Converted (as above) to magneticOr true to plot on the chart2727Compass Bow BearingsCompass Bow Bearings•Absolute magnetic bearing (if no deviation) does not have to be converted like a relative bearing such as beam bearings, which are relative to the bow2828Quick Comparisons with GPSQuick Comparisons with GPS•Compare visual bearings to aids to navigation, ATONS, or landmarks with headings of pre-entered ATONS on GPS–Note: for beam bearings, the waypoint symbol will be abeam of the boat symbol on the GPS map screen2929Comparing Your Bearings with a ChartComparing Your Bearings with a Chart•Even if visual bearings agree with GPS, plot bearings on your DR chart to check your DR plot–Use compass rose3030More Accurate BearingsMore Accurate Bearings•Use a hand bearing compass or binocular- compass3131Ways to Access a Waypoint BearingWays to Access a Waypoint Bearing•Map Screen•Waypoint3232Map ScreensMap Screens© 2003, R J Sweet, “GPS for Mariners”. Reprinted with permission3333WaypointWaypoint•Use Nav key, select go to point, hit enter•With waypoints selected, hit enter•Use rocker key to select desired waypoint, hit enter•Use rocker key to select map, hit enter•Data field on map shows bearing from current position to waypoint3434WN Ch11 The Eye of the MarinerWN Ch11 The Eye of the Mariner•On the Water Practical
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