Geography 5 Week 4 Lecture 7 Environmental Legislation under former President Jimmy Carter Created the Department of Energy 1977 Regulate Record NRG use Increased Fuel efficiency standards Created the Superfund Love Canal Niagara NY 1980s Conservative Backlash The attitude toward public land environmental oversight was Deregulation o James Watt Secretary of the Interior 1981 1983 Example Sagebrush Rebellion o Movement led by Western politicians Miners Loggers etc o Goal was to get government to sell land off public lands to private interests 1990s Economy jobs vs Environmental Debates Bill Clinton George H W Bush Examples o Spotted Owl Controversy in the Pacific Northwest Old Growth Forests o Spotted Owl Habitats of Mother Nature o US Forest Service o Timber Industry o Population Poverty the Environment Two ways of analyzing population issues o Demographic Mathematical Biological Fertility Mortality Distribution etc o Social How does society problematize population Consequences Causes Solutions Demographic Perspectives on Population Total Population Explosion of Population of Industrial Revolution o Doubling Time Human population chart How long to double a population o Growth Rates Currently 1 2 o Future Projections Distribution of population o 1 Overpopulation is commonly thought of as a developing world problem o 2 Growth rates by country o 3 Population Pyramids Age gender HIV AIDS Social Perspectives on Population Poverty Orthodox and Contemporary Views Malthusian o An essay on the Principle of Population 1798 o Against England s poor laws o Malthus Natural Law of population Givens o Food and passion are necessary o Population expands geometrically o Natural checks on population famine starvation poverty war o naturalizes poverty Overpopulation Poverty o Poverty caused by the irrationality of the poor Malthus s Solutions o 1 Moral Restraint Abstinence adopt middle class values o 2 Benign Neglect No misery No incentive to change behavior Marx Population Karl Marx 1818 1883 o Saw the influence of Malthus on Germany s public policies o Argued against Malthus Natural Law of Population o Poverty is fostered by Modes of Production i e Capitalism How we organize ourselves Stages of society is Subsistence slavery feudalism Capitalism Socialism o Under Socialism Increase of Population Increase Production No Population Problem o Under Capitalism Poverty becomes a problem Contemporary Views on Population Neo Malthusianism o Overpopulation Poverty Environmental Degradation o Incorporates many ideas from biology other natural sciences Ex Carrying Capacity Degraded Carrying Capacity and Over Shoot Chart Consumption x time o Control Population w Birth Control etc Focus activities on areas of high population growth