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Exam # 1 Study Guide What is Geography? x Geo = Earth; -graphy = to write about x To write about the earth x   Dz       earth their homeǤdz ȂYifu Tuan x Both a natural and social science x Physical Geography- geology, biology, chemistry, atmosphere x Human/Cultural Geography- anthropology, politics, sociology, economics x Human Environment Geography is a synthesis of the two ʹ conservation, deforestation, climate x Studies the Spatial Distribution of Phenomena [Location, Movement of things, Scale, Region] o Location ʹ where are things/ Why are they there? o Movement of things  Communication, migration, diffusion, etc. (where people move, where oceans move, etc) o Scale  Boyd, local, national, global o Region  Physical or cultural areas having similar characteristics  How the form and change  Relationship to other regions What is Place and Place-Making x   ǡ ǯ  ǫ x Space is a location, abstract, no meaning. Basic coordinates x Place is somewhere you have made, like your room, somewhere that has meaning. o How do human beings make places? How do they give space meaning? Ex. Church, cemetery, festivals, Disneyland zŝĨƵ dƵĂŶƐ ,ŽŵĞ x Transformation of the Earth can be both Physical and/or Cosmological x Geograp  Dz       earth their homeǤdz ȂYifu Tuan x Home o Physical, Psychological, Moral Concepts o  ǯ  -social needs and their higher social & aesthetic aspirations ĂĐŬĞLJƐ ůŝƐƚ ŽĨ dŚŝŶŐƐ ƚŽ dŚŝŶŬ ďŽƵƚ ŝŶ ,ƵŵĂn-ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ 'ĞŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ GEOG 5 1st Editionx Three Perspectives on Human Environmental Relations Continuedx Utilitarian (Anthropocentric) o Nature is to be used for the benefit of humans  It can sustain us (clothes, house, food)  It can please us (aesthetically) o Broad Spectrum  Sustainable use to Unsustainable Exploitation o The vocabulary  Ǯ ǯǤ Ǯ ǯǡ Ǯǯǡ Ǯǡ ǡ ǯ o Examples. Selective logging versus clear cutting o Environmental sustainability is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain productivity for humans into the future  Maintaining nature, but its FOR HUMANS o Often embracing technology and science to achieve sustainability or maximize exploitation  Scientific, modern technology  Traditional, indigenous technology o Is nature negotiable?  No, because there is truth about nature o Are nature and humans Separate?  Yes we can control nature  No we are dependent on nature  Both o Can we Know Nature?  Yes, through scientific study x Eco-Centric ȂBiocentric Perspective o Nature has inherent rights equal to and independent of humans o Humans have moral responsibility to give nature those rights o Vocabulary  Dz dz Dz dz Dz   dz o can advocate spiritual engagement with nature  ex. Westerners looking to eastern religions like Buddhism for human-nature connections o   DzPrimitivismdz   dz  human happiness with decrease with civilization  glorification of traditional societies as being in touch with nature  skeptical of modern technology o Some advocate militant defense of nature  Earth first! Animal liberation front o Is nature negotiable?  No o Are nature and humans separate?  No we are one  Yes, we have the ability to destroy nature. o Can we know nature?  Yes we can spiritually and emotionally get in touch with it x Social Nature o Is nature negotiable Yes. Nature is relative, based on ones perception o Are nature and humans separate?  No, nature is in our heads (it's a social concept) o Can we know nature?      Dzdz   ǥ    o Nature is a human concept, a social construct o We all view nature differently  Your backgrounds, parenting, politics, jobs, media, social class, gender, age, religion o Post-modern perspective o Science is just a way of seeing nature o Modernism- there is a truth out there that we must find, absolute or universal o Post-modernism- no single truth, there may be multiple truths, individuals may have their own truth, relative o Technology may change our view of nature o Power is instrumental in defining the truth about nature  Ex global warming o Our views of nature are a historical product and change over time  Ex wilderness changes over time jesus days- feared, temptation. Today- beauty peaceful Primitivism x Simple living x       Dz dz  re x Often Skeptical of Modern Technology x Stress, Responsibilities, etc x Characteristics of Aesthetics Interpretations of Nature Ecological Modernization Approach to Env. Problems x Environmental problems ĂƌĞ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ ďLJ /ƌƌĂƚŝŽŶĂů ƚƌĂĚŝƚŝŽŶĂů ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƌ ĂŶĚŽƌ ŝŶĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ technology. E.g. slash and burn agriculture x Application of science and scientific methods is the solution x dƌƵƚŚ ǁŝůů ǁĂůŬ ƚŽ ƉŽǁĞƌ x Scientific experts should lead conservation efforts Populist Approach to Environmental Problems x