Geography Week 5 Lecture 9 Study Guide - good starting point to study - distributed via email Population Policy in the Reform Period (1979  Present) - One Child Policy (early 1980s) o Why? Overpopulation and economic development - In the 1990s, tied to economic reasons - Implement population control in order to improve the ecological environment - One child policy still exists but is changing with time - Propaganda - Problems with One Child Policy o Gender preferences – tends to be a gender bias which also exists in China; good luck if you have a boy - Externalities - Current Events - Recent Weakening of / Changes to the One Child Policy? - Chen Guangeheng went to the countryside and exposed the issue of the One Child Policy, was arrested and eventually released. o house arrest - Immigration has not significantly affected China End of material for first-half of class! Midterm Info - Thursday - 5pages long - Mixed question types o Fill in the blank – 1 point each *No word bank  Example: Aldo Leopold in his idea of ______ emphasized the need for scientific as well as more inquiring needs  Answer = Land (landmark, land ethic, etc) o Short answer – 4-5sentences each  Example: Describe the utilitarian approach to nature Example: Who is John Muir and why is he significant to American history - Need to know titles of books & Peoples’ names - Don’t need to know numbers, birthdays etc - Straightforward test - Come early, you will need the full time to do it! - Fair test - No word bank - Don’t cheat, you will be reported to the dean if you are caught cheating - Do not bring blue books - You will need a pen or pencil - You may receive partial credit even if you are not 100% correct in your answer in the short answer portion - Weekly readings they are open for the test. You will need to know each author’s general ideas, arguments, etc o Articles that are very important and will be on the test:  “The Trouble with Wilderness” – William Cronon  why is wilderness trouble?  Very important  “Lifeboat Ethics”  Neomalthusian  How is it a neomalthusian argument?  “Economically Noble Savage”  "The Idea of a Garden” might be on test  “The Tale of Two Oasis”  25-35 Fill in the Blanks  15 Short Answer Questions What else to know for midterm NRG = Energy Columbian Exchange was the transfer of new world and old word crops - Worked to increase food production, especially in China; example potato and corn- Led to an increase in population - Crops could grow in marginal environments, hilly areas, low-water areas, etc o significance of Columbian Exchange Sagebrush Rebellion of the ‘80s - Can be seen as an attempted reversal of environment policy - 1970s and 1980s - Deregulation - The rebels wanted state and local governments to have more control over federal land holdings - Tensions in federal land policy today What is Geography? - What make it unique - What is this idea of place-making? - Important to know for test - What is place-making? ** How humans transform the Earth? Social constructionist views? - Utilitarian, etc - Be familiar with different view-points Compare and contrast how might the neo-liberal view (markets, economists, etc) agree with or work together with the popular view? - Past question asked on midterm - Idea of democracy is a significant component Colonial Encounter - Consider the economic standpoint - Commodification of North American environment - How was nature used and what was the impact? - The wilderness essentially became commodifiedMarxism Problematizing the Environment - importance - How? National parks are meant to be preserved, conserved - John Muir - Emerson and Monroe - Different ways to manage land (national parks, etc) o Different regulations, what kinds of things can you do, what kind of thinks you can’t do? - Aesthetic uses - Utilitarian uses - National forest – utilitarian view of nature – nature is to be used for human needs in a stable and just way o National forests are regarded as a land of many uses (mining, grazing, logging, aesthetics, etc) - National parks prohibit mining, grazing, logging, etc o Aesthetic uses New Deal environmentalism - Economic stimulus packages for the environment Development Perspectives - Modeled England –industrial Revolution - Demographic Transition Model/Theory - Technological advancements Neomalthusian v. Malthusian - Share a lot of commonalities o Conflict between populations and resources - Differences o Neomalthusian has a larger reflection in solutions, including activism  Birth control, aid to foreign country, educationConservation - Stable use of resources - Long term Preservation - Not using resources - No exploitation - Setting resources aside - Aesthetic reasons and motivations Cornucopian View on Population - Contracting versus humans and resources - Solvable by humans if we engage problems - Rational views; human beings act rationally when they see a