RadioBroadcast NewsWire servicesPress-radio war- 1933-1935 (quicker on getting the news around)(news flash, short announcement)Biltmore Agreement – an effort to avoid radio competing with primary hours of a newspaper salesCommentators emerged (comment, editorials)CBS and NBC began to gather newsCBS first to use stringers (far away safe from headquarters, worked on the story, instead of sending people everywhere)News – hot commodity for advertisers prior to WWII (US already knew about something going on over seas and hoping they wouldn’t join, but even though they did, they knew mostly what was going on)Edward R. Murrow – provided details of happenings to the English during the warAudiotape recorders became more technologically advancedWWI the government took over the airways – NavyWWII no new radio licenses during the warRadio station revenue increased: $155 million in 1940 to $310 in 1945 (WWII after Pearl Harbor everyone wanted to know what was going on, who was going to be getting hit next)Revenue increase allowed NBC with necessary funds to invent in new technology (Television)The bubble burstPostwar RadioDJ’s emerged after WWII ( like we know them now)The records business began to change ( radio was cheaper, portable, in cars, easy to manage)1950’s – Alan Freed in Cleveland, OH (popular DJ, first rock and roll DJ)Mobility, lower overheadPayola scandal – late 1950’s (DJ’s getting paid under the table cash to play certain songs, illegal)Radio network programming decreased; top talent and DJ’s left radio for TV (radio changed a lot)AM came before FM ^AM (amplitude modulation)FM RadioEdwin H. Armstrong – frequency modulationWWII stalled developed of FM (manufacturers and everyone was busy working on goods and stuff for the war to focus on radio)After the war, FCC thought TV audio should be in FMFCC began to offer FM station licensesAM before the war then FM1945 – FCC reserved 20 FM channels [88.1 -91.9] exclusively for noncommercial radio (classic, school related, hs radio stations, Witk)Rock music helped the growth of FM radio (rock music saved radio)1965 – FCC ruled that in cites with more than 100,000 residents, AM and FM stations with the same owner had to separate programming at least 50% of the time (people didn’t focus just on those channels and their programs)Public RadioPublic Broadcasting Act of 1967 (what established broadcasting)NPR – Washington D.C. in 1970PRI – Public Radio International [1982] (very popular programs: BBC world service, studio 360, this American life, the tavis live show)APM – American Public Media [2004] (Prairie Home Companion, Market Place, As it Happens, Educational stations)College radioModern radio networksRadio networks reemerged in a different formDisney radio, ESPN radio(localize it, network and local programming), West wood one network(owned by NBC), weather channel has a radio network, ABC. CBS (news programming)Moms and Pops station- local stationsTelecommunication Act of 1996 – changed the ownership rules, combinedEthnic and foreign language radioTalk radio, shock jocks (inappropriate things for radio- Howard Stern, huge shock jock, cost his company $1 million a year in indecency fines, moved to XM because no restrictions) (Bubba the love sponge, out of south Florida, talked about certain things messing with yourselves)(O.P and Anthony, radio to have sex in many and crazy places and report it, including the cathedral in NY and got fired and are now on satellite radio)Satellite RadioXM Satellite radio – 2001Sirius Satellite radio months laterPay for it, less commercials, one constant station, always something on, commercial set time, programming defined)Each have their own programmingSirius Paying Howard Stern millions on $$$$Merged in 2008HD radio (no one knows about it, whats the point of it)Radio and the Internet (Pandora, radio on the internet, like satellite music by being so fine tuned)Pandora – station based on a certain artist, where plays songs by them and then find artist similar to them to create your own playlist)Early TelevisionPhilo T. Farsnworth – 1922 (created images, transmit an image)Later in 1930, Farnsworth won his patent and received royalties from RCARCA development – Vadimir Zworykin and other engineers; “Felix the Cat” (silent movies were already out but was run by projection, not wireless)1939 – David Sarnoff displayed TV at World’s Fair in NYFDR appeared on cameraNBC scheduled broadcasting for NY only (times it was just a still picture but people loved it)NBC also had a mobile unit (remotes, broadcasting live from somewhere)CBS experimented with color; not compatible with RCA’s systemNTSC set national standard; 525-line system ( rabbit ears, resolution, HD is 1,000s, sometimes you could see the lines)VHF channels (very high frequency, old TV two dials)23 stations on the air 1941-1942Bulova bought first commercial (clock)WWII – only six stations on the airCBS and RCA continued to fued over color, nothing came much later, after the war it took a while for TV to come, color could not work on B&W tv so have to buy all new set, people didn’t want to do that)TV did not resume immediately after WWII1948 – TV became a mass medium, TV’s were very expensive ( first portable TV were black and white)Reality TVEmerged during the freezeFolks in remote mountainous areas“Mom and Pop companiesDistantProgramming1948-1949 – sports = 30% of the programming1949-1950 – sports only 5%; children’s programs was topsMilton Berle – “Uncle Miltie” – Texaco Star Theater; first-appointment TVPeople’s schedules were arranged around the TV scheduleSeinfeld – appointment TV- people arranged their lives around thatMuch programming similar to early radio programs; radio programs moved to TVMost programs were aired live1951 – I love Lucy; filmed earlier – not live TV1950s – TV newscastMeet the Press, See it Now with Edward R. Murrow [1951] –Meet the Press is still on and running, Tim RussetBest known talent and blacklistingSenator Joseph R. McCarthy – Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and TelevisionLucy’s husband, Humphrey Boaguard?? (very political and outspoken)Live TV1950s – “The golden age of television”Programs were mostly live“Pat” Weaver – president of NBC 1953-1955Peter Pan; The Today Show, and Tonight showsWeaver – networks should control programming; not ad agenciesEducational TV struggling – Ford