Exceptions: Newscast, news interviews, news documentaries, on-the-spot news eventsFairness Doctrine – providing equal time for public issues (providing time for someone who is prolife vs someone that is pro abortion, have to have equal both sides) period FCC stopped enforcing it since the 1950’s, now talking about permantely removing it – Congress wants to bring it back (resurrect) – because of conservative radio, problem everyone would want to be on the news and talk about itEthics – right and wrong (moral code)Said that news have no ethics, but all news including radio have a code of ethicsGuiding PrinciplesSeek truth and report fully [as possible]Act independentlyMinimize harmSource: PoynteronlineGuidelines & ConsiderationsSelf-regulationScott Kelly doing 60 minutes on New Orleans rebuild on Katrina, flagged his story, he knew it was coming and the ethic’s department warned him, he did nothing wrong people just didn’t like it, the news channel stuck to their story, land being higher above see levelRTDNA, SPJ – Radio Television Digital News Associations ; Society of Professional JournalistGifts, favors, compensation – going to eat with someone you’re about to right story on, many organizations have their own code of ethics, most organizations do a limit like $20Casey Anthony’s family interviewed at the studio in New York, we’re flew to New York in their private jet, rumors say they helped pay some of her legal fee’s…ABC is getting questioned much on thisThe pictures on her daughter, licensed pictures, reason it’s always the same pictures…Bidding wars, even though your not suppose to pay for stories, someone is payingBroadcast standards – everything before hits the air has to go through standards and practices ; graphics, entertainment1990’s – ABC – butt shot through shower doorGCB – Good Christian Bells was suppose to be Good Christian Bitches – said they didn’t want to be associated with the name so changed it…Broadcast standards v. producers – what would happen if all graphic scenes of spilburg’s movies about Holocaust, if you took it out it’d be short movie with nothing…NBC and spilburg came to agreement to air movieEthical Decisions in JournalismPictures:Natural disasters – Katrina (shots with body bags behind them) Haiti – (shot of just child’s leg)War/conflict – Mexico (bodies decapitated) Haiti (feet) Syria and EgyptTechnology – Katie Kuric (photoshop, one magazine normal picture, next lost 20 pounds – she called them out – airbrush) Beyonce (Loreal, they made her lighter911 call- interviewer asked to describe the guy and asked if he was black, white and he said black but the producer cut out the question when aired so sounded like he said wondering man that’s blackEthics RubricEvaluateTruthHarmInvestigationStory on miners, where they said they were still alive and families started to celebrate only to find out, only one was still aliveCode of EthicsSituational EthicsCommunication Model – Telephone, transmitting a message and by the time it gets to the end the story is never the sameEffectsInterest GroupsPMRC (Walmart volunteering only carry certain ratings)Academic institutionsAll effected media at some pointHigh-profile EffectsViolence – Cartoon’s, Tom & Jerry, Roadrunner1960s – Vietnam war was the first that American’s saw image ofLBJ established 2 national commissions1968 – Violence and the media1969 – Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social BehaviorToy guns, playing a record backwardsFCC and Action for Children’s Television [ACT]ACT and PMRC – PMRC voluntarily; ACT – regulationsPolitics and Electronic MediaSection 315 - Equal Time Rules – if a broadcasting station permits one legally qualified candidate for any elective public office to use its facilities, it must afford an equal opportunity for all other legally qualified candidates for the same officeonly during election periods and for legally qualified candidateswhat you do for one you have to do for alla lot of TV and radio cut it out so now campaigns have their own production companiesExceptionsKennedy/Nixon debate – 1960Networks thought Kennedy would look great on TVNetworks went to Congress and got an exception so only those two would be in debates on TVNewscasts, news interviews, news documentaries, on-the-spot news eventsGovernor Haslam, used to be mayor of Knoxville, would get TV coverage – not as a candidate but as mayorFairness DoctrineProviding equal time for public issuesBoth sides of the issue are given opportunityWent out with deregulation in the 1980sStill in the FCC list thing but it’s not been enforced since the 80sWould probably clog up all air timeSome members of Congress want to bring it backbecause of Rush LimbaughEthics and EffectsGuiding PrinciplesSeek truth and report fully [as possible]Act independentlyMinimize harmWithhold your own commentsWitness protectionSelf-regulationBig networks have a person (anbuzzman) who leads ethical considerations for everyone in that networkOrganizations with their own codes of ethicsRTDNARadio Television Digital News AssociationSPJSociety of Professional JournalistGifts, favors, compensationCasey Anthony’s parents were flown to New York in a jet to guest on Good Morning AmericaBidding war on Amanda Knox and who gets to interview her since she’s writing her bookYou’re not supposed to pay for stories, but someone’s always being compensatedBroadcast standardsEverything before it hits the air has to go through ‘standards and practices’CNN and decapitated body pictureAired with tons of disclaimersNYPD BlueButt shot – through shower doorAdvertisers threatening to pullGCBDon’t Trust the B in Apt. 23Sh*t My Dad SaysBroadcast standards vs. producersSchindler’s ListLots of graphic scenes that couldn’t be taken outSpielberg vs. NBCAired the scenes with disclaimers after every single commercialSaving Private RyanCut out the whole beginning sceneEthical Decisions in JournalismPictures:Natural disastersWhat can you show?Ask yourself: do I really need this?War/conflictTechnologyYou can edit thingsPhotoshop/airbrushingKatie Couric – shaved off 20 poundsBeyonce – they made her skin lighterHispanic/Latino actors were made to look less Hispanic/LatinoEdited sound bitesConversations on reality TVNBC – edited 911 call to make it sound more racistToday Show aired that and that producer was fired from NBC NewsNBC