RadioSchedulingRadio formats“The clock”Dayparts – radio and television – prime time, prime real-estate, 7-10 eastern 6-9 central, Sunday 7-11 eastern 6-10 centralMorning drive and afternoon drive – most important times in radioRequest based format (spin base) – based on feedback of music, how many times a song gets played,Research based format – oldies, stairway heaven & hotel California, have to play the certain songs at the right time, certain songs going into the commercialCable – narrowcastingScheduling strategies –Audience Flow – same type of shows in order, keep the same audience throughout the nightBlock Programming – same types of show but in a block, same programming but stacked togetherStrip – stationed schedules the same program at the same time every night, Jeopardy, Entertainment tonightHammock – new show, sandwich it in between two highly ranked showsLead-in show – what is going to lead off prime timeTent pulling – a highly rated show in between two low ratedNewsGatekeepers – editors, news directorsPolitics –Elections – results, super TuesdayWeather – number one rated of local newscast, most watchedVictimsSensationalismNews biasSportsESPN – one of the first successful cable networksSports and local news – in local news sports in the lowest rated segmentLocal news- people want to see their kids on tvRights fees- the NFL is the most expensive and lucrativeFox, NBC, CBS, 2022Sunday night football, opening night Thursday night, extra game around thanksgiving –CBS – holdsESPN – 2021 – Disney – Monday night footballCBS – paid over 600 million a yearFox paid over 700 million a yearEspn – 1.1 billion a yearCombined – NFL – 3.1 billion a yearNFL network – 24 coverage on NFLBlackouts – rules for blackouts, in the NFL – if you don’t sell out the game 72 hours before the game you don’t see that gameNBC & The Olympic Games1995: NBC spent $2.3 billion [2004,2006,2008 games]2003: $2 billion for 2010 and 2012$1.18 billion for 2012 in London (just for TV rights)NBC out bid fox and ESPN to get the Olympic games until 2020, outbid by almost a billion, fox bid on 4 games 3.4 billion, ESPN 2 games for 1.5 billion, NBC 4.38 billion“The Halo Effect” – what nbc banks on, lots of viewers, good guality family viewing,Talk showsDocumentariesReligionChildren’s programming – Cartoon’s, action figures(something to buy in the store), need commercials, hard to tell where the programming and advertising start and endAction Children’s Television (ACT) – cereal commercials were even animated, maturity difference on when they would know the difference between show and commercial – animated shows and commercials can’t go together anymore, have to have a clear difference between the two.9-11, on every channel except kids channelsAdvertising and SalesMedia to customer salesCable TV, satellite TV – have to pay for itPay-per-viewISPsBroadband –all of these we buyMedia-to-Media SalesSyndicators – syndicated programs (you can sell these programs outside of the mother network)Cash, barter, cash plus barter (barter- no cash in exchanged-advertising is from syndicators, cash-comes with advertisements)Cable affiliatesBroadcast network affiliatesAdvertisingRatings – everything depends on ratings, ratings are set on 3 times months yearSales Reps – ones that goes out and tries to get the advertisingStation Reps – people that represent your station, Dj’s, charity eventsAdvertising agencies – 15%, billboards, print, radio, tv, web, etc.Full service – does everythingBoutique service – focus on certain specifics, specialty, niche agencySpot buyingProgram buying – ad’s you only see during certain programs like Olympics, superbowl, etc.Network buyNational buy – progressive, beer, swiffer, mr. clean, macy’s, McDonaldsRegional buy – dollywood, braves, regional programsLocal buy – car dealerships, furnitureProduct PlacementSeinfield – show to make product placement out there, always had cereal in his cabinetsTraditional product placementVirtual AdsProduct Integration – episode where junior mint was dropped into an open wound during surgery, whole episode just on that (like a main part of the story, kind of a story based on it or around it)MerchandisingWeb AdvertisingKeyword search (selling technology)Pay-per-click (PPC) anytime you click on the page, make money, googleBanner ads, pop up ads – ad’s along the side, background, pop-up’sBanner Ads started it all, at first no one wanted them, now everyone does : Michelin tires – banner ad at the top of the weather channelUnderwriting – not commercials, support from sponsor’s – Public radio stations and tv stations can not sell advertising, it’s a form of advertisement but not called that, shorter, this show is brought to you by sunspotEnhanced Underwriting – increments of 15 and 30 seconds, allows for more sponsor information, 1981Public tv stations can place some general advertising or commercial content on the digital channelsCost per thousand (CPM) – formula on how much it cost to reach 1000 customersRate cards; avails – rate cards - how much they charge for different commercials; avails – tells you how many available slots you have, is there any room for me??Traffic department – runs the advertising schedule and layoutFrequency discounts – the more you buy the cheaper it isAd length – 15 second ad’s, piggy back – 15 second commercial back to back, 15 for one product, 15 for another but same commercialDaypartsRadio – AM drive and PM driveRadio – most stations have 2 rating periods, fall book – runs from mid September to early to mid December, spring book – mid march to mid june; When you hear all the good stuff being given away it’s ratings periodTV - primetime – all the ad’s ratings set 3 months, feb, may, and nov (sweeps) month of july is a local sweeps period,Ad PracticesTrade-out – guy works and fixes the tv’s van for trade on commercialsRun-of-schedule –Fixed buy – commercial runs every day at the same time – sponsor weather always everydayLocal discount – local ad, good practiceOrbiting – Commercials just floating through different parts throughout the weekAnnual flight schedule – only advertise during certain times of the year- Christmas, Back to School, Black Friday, Valentine’s DayVolume power index – Progressive – Flo, Allstate, SwifferMake goods- when somethings goes