ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY THIRD EDITION Deborah C Beidel Cynthia M Bulik Melinda A Stanley Chapter 3 Assessment and Diagnosis 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Chapter Outline Clinical Assessment Assessment Instruments Diagnosis and Classification 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Clinical Assessment Process of gathering information about a person and his her environment to make decisions about the nature status and treatment of psychological problems Begins with a set of referral questions Questions determine goals of assessment Selection of appropriate psychological tests and measurements 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Goals of Assessment Deciding what assessment procedures and instruments to administer Tailoring an assessment to types of symptoms age and medical status Differential diagnosis is a process in which a clinician weighs how likely it is that a person has one diagnosis instead of another Screening identify psychological problems or predict the risk for future problems Diagnosis identification of illness Treatment plan individual s plan of care to meet mental health needs Outcome evaluation 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Real People Real Disorders Cases of Misdiagnosis Deafness vs Brain tumor vs Intellectual Disability Anorexia Nervosa Epilepsy vs Schizophrenia Impact of clinical Medication Reaction significance vs Depression 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved And the Usual Properties of Assessment Instruments Are Standardization Normative comparisons Self referent comparisons Reliability Test retest reliability Interrater agreement Validity Construct criterion predictive 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved These are important in reviewing the psychometric properties of instruments to ensure a clinician s confidence in the testing results Assessing Abnormality Using the Normal Curve 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Figure 3 2 The Normal Curve Stop and Think Do you personally think the following two measures Scholastic Aptitude Test SAT and the American College Testing Program ACT can predict future college performance or even performance in graduate school Key Points It is important to remember that one form of criterion validity predictive validity refers to the ability of an instrument to predict future performance or potential success where the SAT ACT is to predict performance in school and on graduate school admissions tests 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Age Developmental and Cultural Considerations People involved in testing Nature of test chosen Testing environment Cultural factors Culturally fair 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Assessment Instruments Self report measures Clinician rated measures Subjective responses vs objective responses Types of assessments Clinical interviews Psychological tests Behavioral Assessments Psychophysiological Assessments 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Clinical Interviews Conversation between an interviewer and a patient the purpose of which is to gather information and make judgments related to assessment goals Purpose of interviews screening diagnosis treatment planning or outcome evaluation Types of interviews 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Unstructured Structured Psychological Tests Personality tests psychological test that measures personality characteristics Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI Hathaway McKinley 1943 Nine clinical subscales hypochondriasis depression hysteria psychopathic deviance masculinity femininity paranoia psychasthenia schizophrenia hypomania The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCMI 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Figure 3 3 Sample MMPI Profile 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved I object or accept What are your thoughts Does your personality type really indicate which career path you should take 1 According to Reinhold 2009 understanding your personality type can help you in the following ways regarding your career a select a good fit career b increase awareness of learning style c better manage job challenges and d will aid in job searching Reinhold R 2009 Retrieved on August 5 th 2009 from http www personalitypathways com article career plan html What other factors do you believe contribute to one selecting a career 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Is anyone familiar with the Myers Briggs Type Indicator or taken a personality test Neuropsychological Testing Used to detect impairment in cognitive functioning Measures memory attention and concentration motor skills perception abstraction and learning abilities Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Reitan Davidson 1974 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCST Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Figure 3 6 The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test This instrument measures set shifting or the ability to display flexibility in thinking as the goal of the task changes 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Figure 3 7 The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved The average IQ is 100 mean and the standard deviation is 15 So if someone has an IQ of 130 that means their IQ is two standard deviations above the mean Used to measure intelligence quotient IQ Intelligence Quotient a source of cognitive functioning that compares a person s performance to his or her agematched peers Intelligence Tests Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS IV Wechsler 2008 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV 7 16 years Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence WPPS III 2 7 years 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved Projective Tests Tests derived from psychoanalytic theory in which people are asked to respond to ambiguous stimuli Rorschach Inkblot Test Rorschach 1921 The patient is exposed to ambiguous stimuli and then projects a unique interpretation onto them that reflects his her underlying unconscious processes and conflicts Thematic Apperception Test TAT 1935 Consists of 31 black and white pictorial cards and the patient is asked to make up a story about the image 2014 2012 2010 by Pearson