HD 204 1nd Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. Acting the RoleII. Gender SocializationIII. Role FunctioningIV. Maintenance and ManagementV. CareworkOutline of Current Lecture II. PowerIII. Power and Communication StrategiesIV. InfluenceV. Decision-Making DefinedVI. Phases in Decision-MakingVII. Factors in Decision-MakingCurrent Lecture- Power:o Power is property of a relationship between two or more persons, not “belonging” to an individual.o Power develops through a transactional process.o Power dynamics have system-wide effects.o Variations: Power dynamics vary over time.- Family structure.- Development stages of members.- Transitions and stressors.- Economic resources. Power processes operate differently across families. Perceptions of power vary within families.o Aspects of power. Power bases.- Resources used by family members to increase chances of exertingcontrol in a specific situation.- Resources:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Normative; normal cultural expectation of family roles/obligations.o Economic; use of money to control, who earns the money, who controls the budget, or who inherited the money.o Affective; who in the family nurtures others and meets their needs for feeling loved or belonging to the system.o Personal; interpersonal factors like charm, looks, competence, humor, etc.o Cognitive; awareness of how to use power and intellect to see the logic of power usage.- Perception of resource/interest in resources in important  Power processes.- Family communication practices that affect family discussions, arguments, decision-making, and crisis situations.o Examples; being loud, interrupting, talking for a long time, and silence.o Important to analyze both content and relationship level messages.o Goal is to: Influence. Persuade. Assert self over others. Power outcomes.- Who makes the final decision/who win.o Extreme imbalance related to dissatisfaction.o Hierarchies: Orchestration power, who makes the decision. Implementation power, who carries out the decision.o Spouses and power. Martial power reflects the extent to which one spouse loves, or needs theother.- One-spouse dominant:o Husband-dominant.o Wife-dominant.- Syncratic; shared authority and joint decision making in most areas.- Autonomic; about equal authority but in different areas of life.- Principle of least interest; the one who cares the least has the most power.o Children and power. Screaming, avoidance, non-compliance are power attempts by children. Parents typically have more power than children. Child power grows stronger with age. Children can gain power through alliances with others.- Siblings, parents, etc.- Power and Communication Strategies:o Confirming.o Disconfirming.o Rejecting.o Information as power.o One-up, one-down subsystem.- Influence:o Use of power to try to modify or change behavior or beliefs. Strategies.- Direct.o Asking, bargaining, reasoning.- Indirect.o Hinting, emotional, etc. Differences in perception.o Factors affecting influence strategy use: Gender. Age. Marital satisfaction. Culture.- Decision-Making Defined:o Process through which families make choices and develop solutions.o Usually involves subgroups rather than the whole family.o Often highlight/addresses differences between members.o Instrumental decision are the daily workings of family. How to meet developmental or material needs.o Affective decisions are related to feelings/emotions. Resolving conflict or making choice that involve values or feelings.o Types: Consensus; involves discussion that continues until agreement is reached. Accommodation; some family members give in to a decision, they don’t agree with it but they don’t think continuing to talk about it will lead to a decision everyone will feel good about. De facto; a decision where there is not family approval, but one member makes it to keep the family functioning.o Styles: Zero-sum; driven by self-interest and requires coercive power or punishment. Decisions via rules; involves three types of rules used in family decision making.- Dividing resources; how do families distribute resources?- Designated authority; who has authority for what in the household?- Negotiation; how will the family go about negotiating differences of solving problems? Decisions based on principle; fairness and concern for other is most important.- Phases in Decision-Making:o Identity/clarify the problem.o Alternatives.o Building consensus.o Putting the decision into action.- Factors in Decision-Making:o Role of children and adolescents. Depends on:- Moods.- Developmental appropriateness. Purchase decisions.o Outside influences. Institutions, policies, and agencies.o Individual investment. Some members may not be concerned about result. Agenda